John Venn (1834 â€1923) Essay

John Venn was born in 1834, to a highly religious Christian family at Hull, England. His mother died when he was very young and father was engaged with rendering his services to the church. He graduated from the Cambridge University and in 1857 was elected as a fellow of the college. He remained a fellow for the rest of his life. From 1858 he lived at different locations and finally returned to Cambridge in 1862. For the next thirty years, Venn dedicated himself to ‘Logic’. He wrote three books on this subject. The first one was ‘the logic of chance’ in 1866, the second, ‘ symbolic logic’ in 1881, and the third, ‘ The principles of Empirical logic’, in 1889. ( Brinley Lisa ) John Venn is famous for his conception of Venn diagrams, a visual representation of mathematical logic. He introduced the concept for the first time in 1880, in a paper titled, ‘ On the diagrammatic and mechanical representation of propositions and reasonings’, which appeared in the philosophical magazine and the journal of Science, July 1980. ( Brinley Lisa ). Venn Diagrams If three discs R, S ,T are subsets of U , then the intersections of these discs and their complements divide U into 8 regions, which do not overlap. The unions give 256 combinations of the three disks R, S , T. Proper working of Venn diagrams require an order of precedence and operators to follow. This order is, AND, NOT, OR, XOR ( Or and XOR equal ). This implies that if both the operations AND and OR are included in a query, AND operation will be taken up first. This does not happen ONLY IF parenthesis are used, as Expressions in parenthesis are processed first. Venn Diagram ( Brinley Lisa ) Venn continuously kept on improving his theory of visual representation through his diagrams. He never interpreted them as an attempt to clarify, what he thought were the inconsistencies and ambiguities of Boole’s logic. Venn realized that his diagrams were not sufficiently general. So he proposed a method by which a series of circles divide a plane into many compartments so that each successive circle would intersect all the compartments. This idea was to later develop as a concept of a ‘universal set ‘. At a later stage of his life, Venn became more interested in history and made some important contribution by documenting the history of Cambridge. John Venn will always be remembered for his contribution to extension of Boole’s logic, in a visual, diagrammatic way. Venn digrams are very useful in variety of applications including set theory, probability, logic, statistics and computer science. In a recent BBC poll, John Venn emerged as the third most greatest mathematician of recent times, next only to Newton and Euler. ( John Venn ) Works – cited page 1. Brinley Lisa, Gregory Emy, Biography of John Venn 1998, Retrieved on 22 March 07 from: < http://www. andrews. edu/~ calkins/math/biograph/biovenn. htm > 1. John Venn, wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 25 February 2007, Retrieved on 22 March 2007 from: < http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/John_Venn>.

Philosophy Plato Essay

For Plato, just like for Socrates, Philosophy was ; A way of life not just a specialised and technical activity in about 387 BC, he attended The Academy  ­ lasted for a 1000 yrs. Socrates was only interested in  ­ ethics. While Plato was interested in  ­ ethics, metaphysics, politics, aesthetics, Mathematics Plato’s Allegory (story in which there is a fact & a true story) of the Cave Plato asks ; â€Å"What would happen if one of these prisoners were released from his chains, were forced to stand up, turn around (conversion) and walk with his eyes lifted up towards the light? † Eventually, he would be able to see the real object for and in itself ;  ­Lifting his eyes upward, he would find it easier to look at the stars at night Finally, he would look right at the SUN in its Natural position in the sky and ;  ­ Not at its Reflections from or through anything else How would the liberated prisoner feel about his previous life in the cave?  ­ He would recall what his fellow prisoners and himself took to be Wisdom.  ­ He would recall how they used to give prizes to the one who had the sharpest eye for assign shadows and the best memory for the order in which the shadows followed each other. â€Å"If they could lay hands on the man who was trying to set them free and lead them up, they would kill him†. The implications of the Allegory ; Many people dwell in the Darkness of the cave †¦ They have oriented their thoughts around the blurred world of Shadows †¦ Education  ­ leads people out of the cave of Darkness into the world of light. (Education means  ­ to bring out. (of the cave) ). Just as the prisoner had to turn his Whole Body around so that his eyes could see the light instead of the darkness. It is also necessary for the entire should to turn away from the deceptive world of change and appetite that causes blindness in the should. Education according to Plato is ; A matter of Conversion  ­ A complete turning around from the world of Appearance to the world of reality. † The conversion of the soul is not to put the power of sight in the soul’s eye, which already has it, but to insure that, instead of looking in the wrong direction, it is turned the way it ought to be†. Plato’s rejection for the sophist’ skepticism ; The dark world of the cave ( particular  ­ many  ­ change  ­ finite) , Vs the bright world of light ( light is knowledge for plato  ­ sun  ­ absolute  ­ one  ­ permanent / changeless  ­ infinity). Dramatic contrast between; 1) shadows > 2) reflections > 3) The actual objects (ultimate knowledge) (process of education ^). With the Sophists, Plato and Socrates agree that knowledge derived from Sense experience is Relative, but he maintains that ; Not all knowledge is relative  ­ therefore, Absolutism Plato’s Divided Line ; (top 2  ­ The world of thought  ­ changeless) (bottom 2  ­ The world of Opinion  ­ change) (The line that divides every stage is not equal, meaning that it is more difficult to reach from level 3 to level 4 than from level 1 to level 2). (Outside the Cave) (Objects of knowledge).

Doritos Superbowl Commercial

Jadah Barber Dr. Patricia  Leaf-Prince Section 08 9/10/12 SLAP â€Å"Keep your hands off my mama, keep your hands off my Doritos!!! † This was the phrase that sent millions into a roaring laugh during the 2010 Superbowl Doritos commercial. This commercial says a lot about Doritos, considering the little boy holds them to the standard of his own mother implies that his love for them is just the same as the love he has for his mother. In many was this commercial was effective.One way was showing the little boy picking a fight with someone who is clearly bigger and stronger than him, another was the love the boy had for his Doritos made me feel like I just had to have some just to see if I feel the same way. Lastly the young boys emotion towards the man conveyed a sense of anger and seriousness implying that, at that very moment there was absolutely nothing more serious that a strange man in his house eating his Doritos. The commercial starts and we see an African American male knocking on a door with flowers, an African American female comes to the door and takes the flowers.Here we see they are obviously about to go out on a date. When the little boy is first introduced to the commercial he is seen with a look of anger. He drops his game controller to show the viewer that he is in fact mad about something. The man picks up a Dorito and starts talking to the boy. Here the man is just trying to be nice but the little boy gets mad, slaps the man and tells him to keep his hands off of his mama and his Doritos. The slap was unexpected, humorous and effective all at the sane time.While all of this was going on, the thought that flew through my head was â€Å"what was so good about these Doritos that it made a little boy want to slap a grown man and tell him to keep his hands off? † We see in commercial that the love he has for his mother is the same love he has for his Doritos. We know this because he phrases his words In such a way that he puts his mo ther and his Doritos on the same level. The commercial is implying that Doritos are so good they would make you slap someone if they tried to take any from you at any time.The young boy was mad at the man the whole commercial. From the moment the boy first entered the commercial he was angry for some reason. He never once took his eye off the older man, he wanted to keep staring just to make it a point that he was in fact mad. In the beginning he was mad that this man was coming in to take his mother out but the slap only came in when the man put his hands in the Doritos bowl sitting in the middle of the table. This commercial was effective.It made the viewer feel like â€Å"If the Doritos were that important to him they must be really good. † Every feeling the this commercial was trying to display was felt through the TV screen. A serous moment for a little boy and his Doritos became a hilarious commercial for Superbowl millions of viewers Work Cited for Commercial on Web â €Å"Doritos Superbowl Commercial: Keep your hands off my mama & Doritos. † Commercial. You Tube. 7 Feb. 2010 28 Sept. 2012. <http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=kJDLws_l3Ok>

Leadership Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership Philosophy - Essay Example Since the attitudes of the nursing staff can have such a far reaching effect, it is important to ensure as much as possible that this is a positive effect. Though it is not possible to enforce that each member of a nursing staff has the exact same attitude and manner towards patients, doctors, relatives, and other nurses, there are steps that can be taken from the nursing leaders that can help make the best possible environment. No one really ever wants to be in a situation that requires the aid of a nurse, and it is important to remember that even though patients need the help given to them, they don’t deserve to be made to feel as though they are burdensome. One style of leadership is referred to as democratic or participatory. In this style, all of the members of a team are given one vote in regards to decisions affecting their work environment. This model of leadership is modeled after our U.S. government. What this mode accomplishes is to instill a sense of having an effect over the outcome of decisions. If nursing staff are subject to the decisions of a leader who refuses to take into consideration in any way the opinions of the staff, this leader might incite resentment if there are policies decided upon that the staff disapproves of. If there was a decision that was made that was arrived at by asking every single member who it affected, these members will be less likely to hold it against the leadership as they were partially responsible for the outcome. I have chosen to discuss democratic leadership primarily because it is the way our country works, and I think it is the most effective way to instill a sense of belonging in a group of people. It might not be possible to run every single decision by voting, whatever can be put to a vote should be put to a vote as much as possible. In this way the staff will feel as though they are able to influence their own

Wind energy in Washington Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wind energy in Washington - Essay Example This brief one page paper will seek to consider both the positive and negative aspects of wind turbine arrays and the means by which the communities that house them integrate with their presence. As has previously been noted, the rate of growth and expansion of renewable energy has skyrocketed within the last few years. As such, the prevalence and use of wind power in various populated regions around the United States has also increased. Although these alternative sources of energy account for less than 1% of current energy needs within the United States, they are nonetheless visible and provide a stark contrast to the otherwise unmolested natural environment that oftentimes existed prior to their installation. Although many environmentalists are happy to have such wind farms in operation, there is a strong level of pushback that exists with regards to the adulteration of key environment as well as a definite contingent of individuals that view such wind farms as something of an eyesore. Conversely, other environmentalists view alternative energy as a necessary means of preserving the planet and are willing to relinquish some aesthetic beauty for progress (Henderson 1). Although both sides have a valid concern, it is the belief of this author that the environmentalist seeking to promote the use of alternative energy are the ones that have the stronger point; both morally and logically speaking. Due to the fact that renewable energy provides nearly resource neutral power production, it should be in the best interests of all involved to increase the means of production for this particular type of energy, on mountaintops or in fields in prairies etc. Henderson, John. "The Big Debate | Puget Sound Off." Puget Sound Off | empower, encourage SOUNDING OFF in your community. N.p., 25  Oct.  2012. Web. 11  Feb.  2013.

What is the difference between government and governance Essay

What is the difference between government and governance - Essay Example The concept of governance has become prominent in the last decade, and it is considered as the modern political scenario. The notion governance covers a broad range of meanings. One of its very important scopes is the idea that, differing to the classic forms of ‘government’, modern governance is not limited to the national boarders and is not the region of professional politicians. It refers to models of decision-making, taking place in a larger set of institutions, with a broader range of performers and practices. One of the main objectives of those who preserve this new thought is indeed to enlarge the established notion of public contribution beyond the well recognized and constantly waning events of representative democracy. This most likely explains why the concept has found a favourable ground in non state polities such as the European Union. Within this kind of multi-layered polities, electoral systems only play a limited role. The European Parliament has been el ected by universal right of voting since 1979. The Council of Ministers and the European Council are not affected by European elections, and the composition of the Commission is only dependent on the results of these international elections. In this institutional system, where autonomy is pooled and accountability remains divided (Peterson, 1997), elections can not ‘throw the scoundrels out’ (Weiler, 1999). As it does not correspond to the methods of participation and accountability with which citizens are familiar, the EU is often said to suffer from an cordial ‘democratic deficit’, and its constitutional reform is the entity of a permanent debate. Improving its governance is one of the approaches recently suggested to face this major limit of European integration (Magnette, 2003). The earlier thought that national governments are the key actors in public policy and that they are able to power the economy and

Title Why is the idea that 'the personal is political' central to Essay

Title Why is the idea that 'the personal is political' central to Feminism - Essay Example In fact that women must be considered 'not men' and hence not deserving of the rights and the power of men is where the theories of gender actually begin. And this is a tendency across religion, class and nationality. What is shocking is the extent of this historical awareness across borders and races and cultures. From ancient European cultures to the new economies of the twenty-first century, the unilateral devotion of men to keep women disenfranchised is unique and at the same time appalling. There is no culture/country, except a few extant tribal communities where matriarchy prevails, that is not guilty of exploiting and suppressing the other ( an inevitably female) gender. It can be safely concluded that across historical time and geographical borders if there is one thing that has bound cultures and tradition it is the way all of them have been found wanting in their treatment of women. "The term 'feminism' has many different uses and its meanings are often contested. For example, some writers use the term 'feminism' to refer to a historically specific political movement in the US and Europe; other writers use it to refer to the belief that there are injustices against women, though there is no consensus on the exact list of these injustices. Although the term "feminism" has a history in English linked with women's activism from the late 19th century to the present, it is useful to distinguish feminist ideas or beliefs from feminist political movements, for even in periods where there has been no significant political activism around women's subordination, individuals have been concerned with and theorized about justice for women. So, for example, it makes sense to ask whether Plato was a feminist, given his view that women should be trained to rule (Republic, Book V), even though he was an exception in his historical context.1 So in that sense the rise of feminism as an organized movement is only in keeping with the historical materialism of a gendered world. In other words, Feminism was an historical inevitability. What modern feminism has actually done is to trace the theories of gender, back to their origins, put them into context and understand the larger design that has helped disseminate the theory of the women as inferior. This design is called patriarchy which, to put it very simply, means a prevalent worldview that unquestioningly puts man at a superior potion vis--vis women. Its so prevalent that is was almost considered natural and hence in some conservative schools of thought, with divine sanction. What feminism has successfully

Microsoft Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Microsoft - Research Paper Example The corporate office of Microsoft is headquartered at One Microsoft Way, Redmond: Washington, USA. It has subsidiaries in more than 100 countries ranging from Albania to Zimbabwe. The company board of director’s team comprises of ten individuals and it is headed by Steve Ballmer (Chief Executive Officer). The executive team consists of sixteen competent members managing the company operations over the globe. The company operates in the global competitive environment by developing, manufacturing, licensing and supporting a wide array of software products and services for different computing devices. Microsoft businesses have been divided into five segments; Client, Server & Tools, Online Services Business, Microsoft Business Division and Entertainment and Devices Division. The Client segment focuses on Windows Product Family and is recognized as its flagship product since they are globally recognized all over the world (Windows XP, Vista, 7 etc.). The Server and Tools segment sells server products and related services and solutions and its major product in this division include Windows Server, Microsoft SQL Server, Visual Video and Microsoft Enterprise Services. The third segment of Online Service Businesses provides offerings such as email, online information offerings such as Hotmail and MSN Portals. The revenue generated from this segment mainly comes through advertising. Microsoft Bu siness Division includes Microsoft Office Suites and Desktop Programs. The final segment of Entertainment and Devices Division sells hardware and among the most prominent includes; Xbox 360 video game console, Zune digital music and entertainment device. The online services and offerings include Hotmail, Bing, and MSN Portals. Innovation has remained the cornerstone of Microsoft’s success. It has not only sustained itself in stiff competition throughout the globe but

The futile Pursuit of Happiness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The futile Pursuit of Happiness - Essay Example There is a lot of truth in the article. Gertner states that we, "...will adapt to a pleasurable event and make it the backdrop of our lives". We see this everyday through our own lives. Children will quickly discard and neglect the Christmas toys that they had anxiously waited a month to receive. The toy does not have the lifespan or the energy of the anticipation for it. People buy a new car and soon find that the newness has worn off. Just as the glitter wears away from the Christmas toys, so does the grief from a tragic loss. Its easy to think you will never find a job as good as the one that just laid you off, but people are almost always pleasantly surprised by lifes fortunes. The mistake we often make in judging the happiness that we will receive from a given decision or event is generally due to our misunderstanding of where happiness lies. We may be unhappy due to our limited income. The thought of winning the lottery seems like it would make us ecstatic beyond belief. However, by logical examination, it would in all likelihood only result in greater unhappiness. If a modest amount of money made us unhappy, a large sum may make us miserable. How many of the things that make us unhappy could be changed with only money? The bills may be paid, but the underlying reasons for our unhappiness would persist. The author points out that we can train our emotions and in doing so make more rational decisions. A cooling off period to prevent buyers remorse may be rational, but it removes the excitement of making a new purchase. Analyzing our potential for happiness based on laboratory rationale takes away our propensity for risk. It reduces our courage and limits our innovation and invention. While it may be a practical approach to making decisions, it precludes the human nature of emotion. Evaluating our predicted happiness and basing our decisions on a calculated outcome may be more practical

Foreign policy analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Foreign policy analysis - Essay Example According to Rational Actor Model, the government is seen as a unitary actor and policy making is done keeping in mind the cost and benefit analysis. This model assumes that policy makers are faithful and execute their role with full justice. This model is unrealistic because it is logical and asses policy on basis of cost and not on its ulterior motive and subject value. In this model, the investigation is made to understand the rational thinking of the person involved in policy making. As per (Zakiuum,2009)â€Å"The Rational Actor Model is used to understand the decisions that a nation-state or organization makes†. In Rationale Actor Model the goal and objective of a country is analyzed primarily. In Cuban missile crisis, Russian president installed nuclear missile in Cuba to defend Cuba from Unites States. The objective of then U.S. president Kennedy was to obstruct communism in the western region. Kennedy has attempted to overthrow Castro and his government many times but was unsuccessful. In this Cuban missile crisis, Kennedy wanted maximum to avoid a nuclear war which was on a brink of happening. He analyzed many options but decided blockade of Cuba as it would initiate a positive response from Russia. â€Å"On October 20, 1962, President Kennedy directs implementing a military blockade on Cuba: a full "quarantine", preventing anything or anyone from going into or leaving Cuba".†(Marxist,2000).Here the cost of the policy is not taken in to consideration but the safety of United States was in mind of Kennedy. It is not necessary that always the political leaders will act in rationale manner as human mind is egoistic. 2. Evaluate the impact of re-unification on Germany’s foreign policy. The German re-unification was a treaty signed between two German states in October 3rd 1990 in Berlin. This event has shocked the world and triggered many chain of actions. The re-unification had a tremendous impact on allies of Germany as they thought t hings were happening too fast and the international security can be at risk. America and Great Britain assumed that Germany’s unwillingness to sign NATO membership even can create more trouble. According to the (Emabssy of ,2011)â€Å"United Germany’s integration in the foreign policy context was regulated under a separate treaty signed by the two German states and the four allied powers†. The new German policy implies a considerable shift in the country’s stand towards Europe and other foreign nations. As per (Hellman,2011)â€Å"These foreign policy self-image changes are extensive and profound, and pertain not only to the self-image of a small foreign policy elite, but that of the German public in general†. Being a unified country, Germany is more confident and is trying relentlessly for a permanent seat in U.N. Security council. Germany also participated in the â€Å"P5 plus Germany† which is comprised of U.N. security members to discuss about the nuclear activities of Iran. Germany has showed its self confidence in its relation with foreign nations especially with European Union and Afghanistan. Not only European Union is t he centre of German foreign policy but its allies with U.S. regarding NATO membership is strong. Germany as a unified nation also shares a close tie with Russia. 3. Assess the impact of political change and instability on Russia’s foreign policy. The Russian foreign policy is significantly affected by the internal political factors and the action of executive leader .While U.S governors visited foreign nations to promote business, Russian governor Tatarstan formulated his own laws regarding foreign investment and attempted to build alliances with UN and other international organization without the consent from central authority. In his article(Charap,2007)states that â€Å"

Technical Certificate unit worksheet Essay Example for Free

Technical Certificate unit worksheet Essay 1. Explain how a working relationship is different from a personal relationship (1.1.1) A working relationship is where you are placed with other people and work as part of a team, where each individual is working following professional codes of practise, towards the achievement of shared aims and objectives. You do not necessarily have to like the people you work with but you need to keep personal opinions and feelings to yourself. Mutual respect and understanding is a key factor in developing a good working relationship. A personal relationship is a relationship formed through choice, with someone you like, who you share interests and feelings with. In personal relationships there isn’t any set rules or procedures to follow and you are able to voice your opinions. 2. Describe different working relationships in health and social care settings (1.1.2) There are many different relationships in health and social care settings, these include relationships between careers and service users, careers and other health care professionals, such as GP’s and nurses, careers and service users families and between colleagues and managements. For each of these you will develop a different type of working relationship, but you should always remain professional. 3. Describe why it is important to adhere to the agreed scope of the job role (2.2.1) It’s important to adhere to agreed scope of your job role as you have agreed with your job description within your contract, so it’s your legal  obligation to work within it. By following your job role you are working alongside your company’s policies and procedures and giving the best quality of care you can. 4. Outline what is meant by agreed ways of working (2.2.2) Agreed ways of working means that all care workers should work in accordance with policies and procedures, roles and responsibilities within job descriptions which their employees have set out. 5. Explain the importance of full and up-to-date details of agreed ways of working (2.2.3) It’s important so that care homes or environments are run in accordance with legislations. So staff adhere to agreed standards and regulations at all times. It also means that service users will not be put at any risk. 6. Explain why it is important to work in partnership with others (3.3.1) It’s important to form professional relationships with team members, colleagues, other professionals as well as individuals and their families in order to promote effective communication and effective ways of sharing accurate information. It will help to give service users the best possible care as everyone will be clear on each service user’s needs, wishes and preferences 7. Identify ways of working that can help improve partnership working (3.3.2) We can improve partnership working through effective communication and information sharing. By working as a team and having regular staff meetings, with colleagues and other health care professionals. 8. Identify skills and approaches needed for resolving conflicts (3.3.3) You should try to handle conflict situations by remaining calm, ending the conflict before it escalates and remaining respectful of others. You should  try to demonstrate active listening and discuss the situation in a calm and rational manner to try and resolve the conflict. 9. Explain how and when to access support and advice about: (3.3.4) a.partnership working- you can get support and advise from other colleagues, your manager, supervisor or other external agencies such as CQC. b. resolving conflicts- it’s always worth trying to resolve conflict with the individual, but if you can’t then you should speak to your manager. Further issues can be address with HR who can offer you support on resolving conflict and may offer you mediation services to help you with this. Once you have completed, your Learning Advisor will be able to cross reference all knowledge into Unit 4222-206 of the diploma Patricia Whyte – LA- Qube Learning

Sport Utility Vehicle and Porsche Essay Example for Free

Sport Utility Vehicle and Porsche Essay 1. Do you think Porsche had to go through the product market of cars and SUV? Did she have other options at the time described in the Case? Based on an analysis of advantages and disadvantages What would you recommend the same point in time? We will use Porters forces model to consider the attractiveness of the product market entry of vehicles Luxury SUVs. Existing competitors most of the market share the SUV, the Porsche is in particular the United States. In 1998, there is fierce competition in the SUV in the U. S.. Beyond that, the more delicate segmentation of the product to market SUV Luxury cars, there is competition between the density of competitors. Total power of existing competitors is very high. Suppliers suppliers can be divided into two types of Porsche. The first type that supplies workers (Labor) and the other is external and parts manufacturing companies. The first type of power supplies working up to the geographic location of the factory workers organizations that exist there. The second type of supplier power is weak enough that you can switch between suppliers easily. Vision to take the case where vendors positioned themselves near the vehicle companies factories (p. 7 paragraph 1). Total staff strength depending on space, and comes as part of the consideration in choosing a plant. Total external production companies and power low power medium. Customers customers love the brand Porsche identify it with quality and prestige. Also known from surveys that customers expect of a Porsche SUV car. Target customers are willing to pay in advance to get a brand identified with quality and prestige, while Porsche will provide a quality car, not much bargaining power customers. Total power of customers low. Substitute products product substitution is a threat to SUV, is an increase trend of cost-effective small car consumes less fuel. It comes in a green trend, coupled with expectations of a rise in fuel prices could be a consideration to move from car-efficient SUV. However, we do not believe that the clientele of the Luxury SUV affected by intentional, that he had no financial problems, and aim luxury car is a statement. Total power of substitute products low. Potential competitors the entry barriers to product market luxury SUV vehicles very difficult. First need to know, instrumentation engineering, experience, a high equity to a new company enter the field. Secondly, it is hard to believe that customers will buy luxury cars from a company with no experience and reputation, so the chances of a new company to enter the luxury car market is very low. So the main risk is the potential competitors are companies from later visits to that product market. Likely that companies that are market vehicles, but not the luxury cars market, is likely to rally, but the transition from a mass production company branded luxury brand, is not trivial. However, even here we must have a reputation for quality and prestige, build brand and therefore not suitable for large company for mass production of cars can enter the field. The companies are a threat because weve listed competitors already exist. Total power of potential competitors is estimated very low. After examining the Porter by market forces, more than can be wisely decide on the attractiveness of the product market is cars Luxury SUVs. Weighting the forces, we can see that there is such a risk at the entrance to the market, but entering the market the SUV, which is considered the most attractive industry, can lead to tremendous growth in profits and the ability to Porsche. The company can use this market as leverage business growth, which could also contribute to establishing its position also on Porsches core business luxury sports cars. In our opinion, as long as the Porsche will provide a luxurious SUV with car performance without compromising quality, product market is attractive. Other alternatives that were to Porsche that point in time were available to the market the Sedans, the market entry Minivans or remain in the current situation. The first two alternatives are denied pretty quickly at the same time, the reasons that SUV (Sport Utility Vehicle) is more appropriate product to Porsche than a luxurious family car or small truck of the type with the height and dimensions not sports. These cars less fit your companys image, so the better option faces the SUV. The third option of staying in the current situation constitutes a threat to herself, aiming to grow where there is no company, and a growing competitive market and not really backed away. Moreover, the product market Luxury SUVs, is pretty attractive based on analysis of Porters forces. In light of the above states that the most attractive alternatives in our opinion are the product market Luxury SUVs, or focus on core business of Porsche, which is expected to rise in the competition (another reference to the section on threats SWOT). SWOT analysis will make a recommendation to give a couple of alternatives to choose. Opportunities: * Segment the SUV most profitable industry on the 1990s. * Demand for SUVs, especially the U. S. , increasing with the years. In particular, is known to Porsche from surveys that customers are waiting for the companys SUV model. * Porsche segment sees the SUV as an opportunity to balance the risks of exchange rate of the deutsche mark (and future rate), relative to the U. S. dollar. Threats: * Damage to reputation and image of the Porsche, as a manufacturer of luxury sports cars and high-quality. * Some officials question the attractiveness of the segment the SUV, when there are forecasts for the small cars more economical fuel. * Sensitive to currency changes in the American market. * Product market in the crowded SUV. Estimated product market 2 million units. When in the category of the SUV has only one SUV estimated over 100,000 DM. * There are at increased assessments on Porsches core business. Audi intends to produce a car with similar qualities to Boxster, but the lower price (about 15%). * The competition in the market Luxury SUVs, which is controlled by the dominant Asian players Toyota, Honda, Nissan Omitesobishi Luxury SUVs models have provided the United States, Cadillac plans to spend its own model in 1999. * SUV performance and agility are not linked, that characterize the Porsche. * U. S. high tax forcing companies to buy more U. S. products (primarily related to production). Strengths: * To Porsche has a number of key strengths in manufacturing cars: Chassis, Performance, Design. * Wendelin Wieddking Director of estimated industry in Germany. Made a revolution at Porsche, and led her declining success. (See Appendices, making New Leadership). * Following transformation Porsches financial situation stable in 1998. * Porsche brand is very strong and linked prestige. Weaknesses: * Porsche is a small company in the industry, and investment for the entry segment high SUV (a sum of about $ 550 million). The failure model the SUV can lead to the collapse of the Porsche. * If and Porsche enter segment the SUV, then a Luxury segment, a product that targets a very limited market. After making SWOT analysis, our recommendation is to enter the market product of Luxury SUVs, aiming to market demand and have product in question. The Porsche is a strong and reputable company that can succeed in our opinion, also new, and think Porsche SUV can make a car luxurious quality you can get to market. In such a situation is a high profit potential, opportunity and growth strengthening the company. 2. Because of the success of the Boxster, the main production plant of Porsche at Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen headquarters located near the administration was working close to exceeding its capacity. Where do you think has put a new factory to build a model the SUV? How important is production workers in Germany (Made in Germany) for the new model? First well talk about the pros and cons of new model production in Germany than any other countrys production. Then talk about the advantages and disadvantages of each state, and finally be the best bet where to place the new plant. If so, the benefits of the production model SUV in Germany are: * Maintaining the reputation of the Porsche, and a product Made in Germany. * Supervision of the finished product. Disadvantages of manufacturing in Germany: * Uncertainty regarding how the dollar rate moves probably expected a weak euro. * Higher costs in Germany. * Restrictions stemming from the model in Germany social market economy that encourages social unity, but increases production costs. * Higher minimum wage. * Unions are strong. * Number of hours per year in Germany and lower than any other developed country. Foreign manufacturing advantages: * Can be said generally that the lower labor cost than the other possible states (we shall refer more in detail below). * Some countries are located geographically or by the market with high demand (eg production in the U. S. or Mexico) or from a central location in the area easily can be exported (eg Czech Republic). * Foreign production was not hit so far in society between 60 to 80 cars a year produced 911 model 1995 in Mexico. In addition to the Boxster in Finland also successfully produced. Disadvantages of foreign production; * Limited control over the finished product the company is more difficult to control the finished product is also sending engineers and production of foreign plants. * The product is Made in Germany it is mainly branding. To many people the fact that production is carried out in Germany attests to the quality and standards (listed next most prominent). Branding of the Made in Germany, giving the client a statement, and reduces the risk for unsuccessful product selection. * Culture and mental work in different countries around the world there are cultural differences, mentality about work. Several countries in the world is hard to meticulous standards of the German culture is known worldwide. In our opinion, when considering the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing model of the SUV, especially in light of the work that is known that only 70% of Porsche cars produced in Germany today, it seems that the lucrative outsourcing company. However, the need to examine in depth each country, to an unequivocal decision where to place the plant. Model production alternatives the SUV in other regions are: Finland, East Germany, South East Europe and North America. We will examine the advantages and disadvantages of each of the alternatives. Finnish company Valmet Benefits (p. 8 paragraph 3); * Rapid manufacturing (Fastest ramp-up) this is due to two main reasons. The first is the Finnish plant among the best on the market failed to meet the fast rhythms on the production and issue of production systems. The second reason is the introduction of the company Porsche factory, good infrastructure based in part on the production model of the Boxster. * Risk of new model production plant Finland is the lowest among all available options to produce other model plants. * Proven production capability good reputation in the market. Weaknesses: * The Finnish company Valmet dependency it is not just a single provider who can do muscle with Porsche, but also that the companys image and success depend on performance of Valmet, which outside the control of the company. East Germany Strengths: * Stamp of Made in Germany remains. * Cheaper labor force west of Germany in 1991 average wages in East Germany was 46. 7% of average wage in West Germany (p. 9 paragraph 4). * City of Leipzig access to two large ants, a new international airport, a long history of industrial production and institutions of higher education. Weaknesses: * Wages are still relatively high compared to other countries. * An experienced workforce is trained in export-oriented market. With respect to West Germany, East workforce is less skilled. In 1991, average productivity in East Germany is 31% of output in the West (p. 9 paragraph 4). * East Germanys infrastructure in poor condition. * The economic situation of East Germany was difficult, and to cope with inflation and the bank had set a high interest rate. All these difficulties had led to Germany to compete in export products. Slovakia: Strengths: * Cheap labor. * Cooperation with Volkswagen VW company will invest about 657 million cooperation. * One of the leading countries in the production of cars in Central and Eastern Europe. * Good location just an hour from Vienna. * Transport in the car industry. Weaknesses: * Identification of the company Porsche with Volkswagen Company, which is a form of mass production of cars and SUV vehicles selling at lower prices than the Porsche. Czech Republic: Strengths: * Relatively speaking labor cheap, trained and educated. Labor costs on average they are roughly about 10% of costs in western Germany. In 1998 the automobile industry in the Czech Republic there are approximately 4 dollars an hour (page 11 paragraph 2). * Tradition of manufacturing in the country. * Investment from foreign countries. * Bridgehead markets in East Central Europe. * A good basis for export the location of the Czech Republic allows export to European countries including Russia. * Relative to neighboring countries has a developed infrastructure, and density of cars and vendors. * Long hours 40 hour work week. Weaknesses: * Low product quality damage the reputation of Porsche excellence, and on behalf of the company created the best in its field. * In 1997, undermined political and economic situation; * GDP fell to 1. 2%. * Corona Czech has lost 21% of its value against the U. S. dollar. * Apart from investments (FDI) declined from $ 2. 5 million by 1995 to 1. 3 billion by 1997. * British rating company lowered the credit rating of the Czech Republic. * Many international companies had transferred their investments from the Czech Republic to other countries a trend that could itself cause a crisis or worse. North America USA. Strengths: * Location United States the main market segment of the car the SUV is the United States. U. S. factory location eliminates the U. S. export costs (taxes, etc. ), and lower transport costs meanings. In addition, the U. S. is a superpower economically and existing transportation routes to export from the United States to other countries. * U. S. demand for parts made German cars the vehicles most of the market the SUV is the U. S.. Demand for U. S. made parts creates restrictions on the company Porsche, which can be avoided if the company will open its U. S. manufacturing plant (p. 12 paragraph 1). * German companies are strong working relationships in the U. S. market April 1998, more Americans were working under the German companies or companies with partial ownership of German companies than any other country in the world. * Trend of other companies to open factories in the U. S. Monitoring the general trend of other companies in the industry can be profitable to keep up. Power production of many U. S. companies can create a density of carriers in the region, which can lower costs. Weaknesses: * American consumers prefer European cars (page 11 paragraph 6). * Previous German attempts to create a U. S.cars are inconclusive although there were several cases of success such as the BMW in the U. S. , but the relatively high number of failures. This fact testifies to the difficulties in establishing a factory in the U. S. and that the plant may flop in the U. S.. Relative to other countries where higher chance of success This is a significant disadvantage. What is the importance of production workers in Germany? In our opinion, the primary importance of production workers in Germany is the quality. People are willing to buy the Porsche brand, though more expensive priced brand aimed at competing with the quality and performance linked. If product quality is not reduced due to over production in another country, so we think there will be no harm for the new model. In addition, the new model is a segment of the SUVs, which advance the industry in another category, that is not in the same segment of sports cars. Sports cars are more expensive quality category What SUV, which is another factor that lowers the importance of production of the SUV in Germany. All of these factors we recommend Finland as new destination for the establishment of the Porsche factory. Finland guaranteed quality and quick production of a European country vehicles. In addition to existing working relationships between the Porsche to Valmet, easy decision making. We believe the final product quality level as good finish production in West Germany, but European stamp will remain on the product, and that no unnecessary risks that could affect the company reputation model make it difficult for manufacturing production workers initially controversial. Summarize the history of a director Porsche planning to increase production; This increase [could] only come in Finland. 3. Is the product of the transition to market cars the Porsche SUV stays true to the brand that built? What does the Porsche brand loyalty in 1998? First of all we describe the Porsche brand and its customers. Brand Porsche as we have noted previously identified with quality, prestige, performance and design. These characteristics allow the product despite its high production costs take a high premium and still make a profit. This fact is that customers who buy Porsche does not see the car just a mobile transport them from point to point. A customer buys a Porsche statement on the actual operation Lifestyle and money. Porsche cars for 1998 are to sports cars, which combine the rich clients garage along with other cars. Terrible entrance to the market the SUV, hes turning its customers high-middle class (as opposed to high), can create damage to the companys image. Customers who bought a Porsche sports cars so far, may fear that they will be identified now with a lower-class population, since part of buying Porsche is a statement you are a high economic status. In this situation, the company can go bald on both sides aiming high class customers will be another competitor to the company not be identified with a lower class, upper middle class customers will move to competitors, aiming they offer a similar product prices and lower prices. However, we think that customers are aware of the separation between the two. After all, this is the end all cars are different categories automotive industry. We think Porsche can stay true to the brand sports cars built for the market without the SUV hit it. To do this, it must continue the production of sports cars in those factories so far. In addition to press them to state and / or a strong point of sale market sports cars that make them unique techniques in those factories as it was before, and these actions should prevent the passage of the high economic status it was aimed at competing product as before. Implementation of the above will make differentiation between the sports cars to SUVs, so stay brand loyalty Porsche sports car market. Market the Porsche SUVs for the middle class to prove that although it was higher was last inferior category of Porsche sports cars, luxury vehicles are still a non-unique design and performance models of the world competing companies. Creating differentiation is consistent with creating a model the non-SUV factories in Germany. In our opinion, as long as good product quality will be maintained and a unique design characterized to develop loyalty to the Porsche model the SUV. It directed that a different customer segment than the segments customers of Porsche sports cars, and directs that the other vehicle category. So we believe that Porsche has remained loyal to the brand built, and that means brand loyalty Porsche in 1998, entering the market before the SUVs, primarily evident in the strength of the brand associated with luxury, quality, design, performance and lifestyle.

Quality Management In Hospitality Organisation Mcdonalds Management Essay

Quality Management In Hospitality Organisation Mcdonalds Management Essay The aim of writing this report is to critically evaluate what is McDonalds approach to quality management from Customer, Franchise and Employees perspectives. Furthermore to explain how they manage service recovery, measure delivery and standards through CSO index and Crew development programme . Also to identify 3 gaps in service quality with recommendations on how they bridge it. The other aim of writing this report is to apply the Jurans theory of service quality to McDonalds. TASK1. Definition of Quality: Feigenbaum has defined Quality as: The total composite product and service characteristics of marketing, engineering, manufacture and maintenance through which the product and service in use will meet the expectation by the customer. (Oakland .J.S, 2005) According to Philip B Crosby: Quality is defined as conformance to requirements, not as goodness or elegance. (Oakland, J. S.) Three stake holders of McDonalds Franchise Employees Customer Franchise Franchise system is the back bone of McDonalds success. In other words many reasons that McDonalds has been able to expand so quickly and achieve its reputation brand recognition has been its effective franchising business model allow the company to expand quickly both domestically and internationally. Franchise systems having uniform operation has made the McDonalds restaurant one most standardized in the world. Not only do all McDonalds sick to offer the same products offering, they intend to offer same food experience for all of its customers. No matter what part of the world you are in. McDonalds franchise network is the worlds heading fast food chain with more than 30,000 restaurants serving 52 million people in 119 countries with 1020 restaurants in the U.K of those stores, More than 70% percent of restaurants are franchise. Franchise have live up the companies expectation and brand standards by providing good quality service, quality food, clean restaurants and happy customers are all very important to McDonalds. How franchise has to live up with brand standard in the following qualityareas: Hygiene Food safety policy Health and safety Policy. Hygiene-: McDonalds been king in fast industry it has take special care of food and hygiene. Management has to be very strict on hygiene because it has to serve millions of customers. McDonalds have highest obligation to our customers to ensure that they are not expose to any risk of infection or illness. It is must to very employees to wash their hands before you commence work, on return from a meal break, after using the toilet, after carrying out cleaning work, after touching face or hair, trash walk, taking delivery or other activities where they may become dirty ( remember you cannot always see dirt).As well as this, hand should be wash should be washed every hour or every half if working in the grill area. glove are available in restaurant for use whilst performing cleaning tasks. Sickness reporting policy:- All food handlers have a responsibility to our employees and customer not to work if they are suffering from food poisoning, or suffering from the symptom of food poising i.e. vomiting or diarrhoea. If you are suffering from these symptom employees will not be allow to work again until no symptom for 48hr period. Failure to report such conditional is an offence under the food safety regulations and may lead to prosecution as well as being classes as an example of gross misconduct. Hygiene and safety department is available in restaurant. Food safety policy:- McDonalds operating procedures are specifically to ensure high quality safe food. These procedures must be adhered to at all time, in particular: Food must not used if it is past its use by or best before date. Food must not be serving if the holding time has expired. The correct equipment and utensil must always be used for each task. Food equipment, utensils and preparation area must be kept clean using Clean As You go (CAYG) procedures. and finally, if something is not right e.g freezer is too warm or piece of equipment is faulty , it should be report the manger immediately. Food should be always look carefully while preparing to serve, if it is not right it should not be serve and should be reported to managers. Health Safety Policy The Franchisee is committed to minimising the risk of damage, ill-health and injury to employees, customer and visitor. This will be achieve by examining our operation and ensuring all necessary system are in place, and resource available , to provide a safe and health work system are in place, we must all work together to identify risky and take action to eliminate them .As with other aspect of our business we shall be seeking to continually improve our performance. This will involve measuring against standard and reviewing progress on regular basis. Customer expectations and perceptions McDonalds Im loving it. McDonalds Promises- Whenever you think of fast food, First thing in mind comes is McDonalds. People expect high standards from McDonalds. Every single product use to make a burger to full meal comes best quality standard. Whenever person order a meal in McDonalds he expect good and quick service with hot food. Food will be hygienic nicely dress and safe to eat. From burger, fries, salad, cold drinks to hot drink every product will be fresh. Employee taking order will always greet u and will be always friendly. Customers enjoy every bit meals in our restaurant. I m loving it will be on very customer mind when ever their think about McDonalds. Importantly, employees need to know exactly what customers, both internal and external, expect of them. Communication should be as detailed and specific as possible, since employees in each work group want feedback they can act upon to improve performance in each job. General feedback from customers (e.g. they want no faults or no errors) is less useful. McDonalds has recognised that complaints, enquiries or positive feedback from customers are important pieces of information. When used properly complaints can help us fine-tune our business and meet our customers requirement. It is these insights that help the Company to keep moving forward. Employees Barriers to quality for employees:- High labour turnover. Work pressure. Training and development. Labour turn over in McDonalds McDonalds is considered as very high labour turn over company. Main reason behind it is that it has about 70% of staff as part timers employees. Staffs are schedule according to busy time especially on Friday, Saturdays and Sundays. Employer takes full advantage of students who are working part time. Student does have any other chose rather work part time according to schedule. Most of students are not satisfied with job so their move on to another job if there gets one. Visa and end of student course is also big issue behind high labour turn over, because when ever international students finish with his course has to move on to their country. Work pressure:- Working in McDonalds is high pressure job especially peak time during breakfast and lunch time. It is busiest place to work in fast food industry. we receive all age customers, not only in restaurant but drive thur as well. Employees have focus on delivering great level of QSCV is the best way to achieve 100% customer satisfaction:- Quality, Service, Cleanness, Value. High labour turns over leads to work pressure because employers have deal with lots of new staff and on job training. This leads confusion between front and kitchen staff. Front staff doesnt receive food at right time from the kitchen which can leads to bad service. Management has to deal with less staff on floor which increases work pressure per staff. Staff also have work long shifts to fill up gap between staff. Training and development Once Crew Members have been recruited, they have to attend a welcome meeting at their chosen restaurant or recruitment centre. This meeting will last an hour and is designed to engage and inform new starters. It involves viewing a DVD which gives important information about the company, and also allows for manager/new starter interaction. The second part of the orientation is a compulsory online Health Safety and Food Safety test that the new starter completes in their own time. The first shift begins with a tour of the store highlighting key Health Safety and Food Safety procedures. It is recommended that this should last for the first two hours of the shift. Staffs recruited have to exam of station where there be working at for example Front, kitchen or back room person. There is also on job training to guide the new staff with floor manager. TASK 1 (II): Customer Satisfaction Opportunity Index (CSO) in McDonalds. What is customer satisfaction opportunity index (CSO) ? Whenever customers choose McDonalds they expect hot fresh food served accurately and quickly in clean restaurant by crew/ managers that are friendly and attentive to their needs. Our customers are telling us in loud and clear words that when they visit McDonalds they expect us to deliver on all of the element of Quality, Service and Cleanliness (QSC). Through analysis from both internal and external data it has been identified that there are five critical QSC drivers of customer satisfaction. There are things customers want to see us deliver on every visit. Quality- hot, fresh and safe to eat products Fast/quick- total experience time under 5minutes Accurate- receive everything ordered including condiments Friendly- friendly and attentive service with effective communication Clean- dining area well maintained, clean toilets and employees. To evaluate how McDonalds restaurant are meeting these critical drivers company had created the CSO index. The CSO is the percentage of visits that miss one or more of the critical drivers of customers satisfaction. This act as a barometer on how well restaurant is meeting the customers expectations when they visit restaurant. Understanding this gives balance into how rate our own performance on measures that are important to us as a company and how are rated directly from the customer. CSO is calculated based on the number of mystery shop visits that miss a critical driver question. If one or more critical drivers are missed , the mystery shop visit is only counted once. for example If 100 mystery shop visited are conducted and 40 of them have one or more crictical drivers missed the CSO will be 40%. The goal is to decrease the number the number of visit that are missing a critical driver. Lower CSO % better performance. Ref-: www.mcdoanld.ac.uk Mystery shopper Mystery guest visits mcdoanlds restaurant twice a month to check CSO point. Mystery guest results is not only is good for franchisee to gain advantage over other restaurant to achieve or to expand company by adding other restaurant. Good result can also result in into bonuses for managers. Key points Mystery guest looks into when visits the restaurant. Greeting/farewell He checks if employees or mangers he talk to were polite and friendly or not? Attentiveness he checks if employees/ mangers came in contact were attentive to customer or not. Effective communication- he checks communication with crew member was clear and easily understood. Service timing- food should be serving in within 5min of the order. Accurate food and drink- Correct order should be taken. Food and drink should be serve with correct sauces. Correct condiments- Have employees provide the customers the proper napkins and straws/ stirrers? Hot fresh sandwiches- Was mel serve hot and fresh and did it taste good. hot and salted fries- were the French fries serve hot ,salted and crisp or your potato product hot and crisp and did they taste good? Clean restaurant interior- was the inside of the restaurant clean? Crew Development Programme Initial Training- When crew is recruited he trained on following standards to achieve the first star. Crew has to clear the written test to order to achieve the first star. Cleanliness foundation. hygiene Food safety Health safety Cleanliness security hospitality 2nd stage . Quality training In quality training crew is trained on following food standards, which can be on job training as well training in class during the quality class. Crew have to clear this stage to clear to achieve 2nd star. Buns dressings grilled product fried product prepping products toasted Deli sandwiches stage 3rd Service classes Employees have to attend service class ones a month to improve standard of service quality regarding beverage serving, food serving and hospitality in order achieve the 3rd star. On passing the test crew is award with star which is display the badge, which show performance the crew. TASK1(III): Service quality gap Gap 1. When promises do not match actual delivery Day starts very early in McDonalds Denham. Been drive thur restaurant we start serving breakfast at 7 a.m, We receive lots of car in drive thur early morning as everyone is rushing to offices or work. Customer expect quick service with hot and hygiene food because McDonalds is famous for its good service. Problem starts when morning shift staff dont turn up on time. Management have to manage with less staff. Ones order is taken in front kitchen staff have to deliver food within 3min which is according to McDonalds service standard. If front staff are not able to serve order with in 3min, customer are advise to seated and have to the car the park if in drive thur and have wait for there food, It can happen at times that order can be missed out and customer will be waiting for more time which can lead to bad service. Change over problems-: Denham McDonald serves breakfast from 7am to 10:30 am but change over from breakfast to main menu start at 10:15 just 15min before main menu. Staff have 15min to organise the restaurant for main menu. kitchen staff have to work really quick to arrange the grills, 3 of out 4 grills are close for cleaning process. During the busy time restaurant have management from one grill. So some time it is not possible to provide food which is required. Customers have to suffer due to change over. Customer expects best service from McDonalds but some time it doesnt happen. McDonald cannot compromise with food safe and hygiene standard. Gap 2. The difference between customer perception and expectation McDonalds is well know not only for excellent service in restaurant but also for drive thur. Customer travelling in car dont have to get down park the car have their meal. McDonald have made it possible by drive thur. Now without taken long break one can have meal in car within 3min of order. And McDonalds have live up to customer expectation by quick service. People do take away food for home. McDonalds do serve fresh and hot food every time but by the time that food reach its destination it become cold. McDonald should provide containers in which food can be stay warm. We do receive complains of food not been warm after some time, we cannot spoil mood of customers so we have to provide fresh food when complained. Gap 3. Communication gap One can expect friendly and quick service from McDonalds. Its is important that employees have good communication within to provide quality service and requirement of customers. Customer are attracted to different kind McDonalds menu. To be different from its competitor McDonald try different food and make changes every 1.5 month for the promotions, but customers have their choices what there want we have made it within service time. For example:- Customer orders Big Mc without sauce or cheese we have to make the special order to make our customer happy. McDonalds understands problems of customer as some customer may problem with some of the ingredients so we have make specially them to make them happy. Communication between front staff and kitchen is necessary to full fill the requirement. Before it was difficult provide especial order at right time in drive thur we had to park the car for especial order. Providing order within service is only if there is good communication between drive thur staff and kitchen in busy times. McDonalds have come up with latest technology by providing micro fone or heads sit. Now kitchen staff have especial device in there ear so there can hear every orders and be ready before time. McDonalds is bridging gap between communications. Task 2. Quality Gurus Joseph M. Juran Joseph M. Juran made many contributions to the field of quality management in his 70+ active working years. His book, the  Quality Control Handbook, is a classic reference for quality engineers. He revolutionized the Japanese philosophy on quality management and in no small way worked to help shape their economy into the industrial leader it is today. Dr. Juran was the first to incorporate the human aspect of quality management which is referred to as Total Quality Management. The process of developing ideas was a gradual one for Dr. Juran. Top management involvement, the Pareto principle, the need for widespread training in quality, the definition of quality as fitness for use, the project-by-project approach to quality improvementthese are the ideas for which Juran is best known, and all emerged gradually. Ref:- http://www.skymark.com/resources/leaders/juran.asp Similar Dr W Edwards Deming, Joseph Juran is an international applauded quality guru, strongly influencing Japanese manufacturing practises. His belief that Quality does not happen by accident gave rise to the quality trilogy: Quality planning Quality Control Quality Improvement And the Key steps in implementing company-wide strategic goals are: Identify customers and their needs both internal and external and work to meet those needs Create measures of quality, establish optimal quality goals and organise to meet them Create processes capable of meeting quality goals in real operating conditions. In the 1980s Joseph Juran acknowledged that the common approach to total quality management quality awareness campaigns and slogans was not efficient as they did not have substance, and there is no short cut to quality. He believes quality must at the top, grating senior managers who believe training is for junior workers. Ref-: http://www.mftrou.com/joseph-juran.html Quality in McDonalds Our customers are our business. Without them we would have no reason to open our door. Therefore our goal every minute of every hour is to make our customers feel happy who visited McDonalds. We do this by focusing on: QUALITY- McDonalds is famous for quality and keep standard high by using the finest ingredients with the help of the biggest asset of the company the employees in preparing and serving the tastiest food by following the procedures which they are taught. SERVICE Service is best you think like a customer. A caring and respectful attitude and a sincere smile do as much to bring the customers back as the best food in the food. CLEANLINESS Our customers expect and deserve a spotless restaurant. But its not only to make a good impression. A clean restaurant is a safe restaurant. Its very employees job to keep the restaurant clean and hygienic. VALUE- What is a value? Its the total experience our customer have it our restaurants, from the food service, to the dinning area environment, to the price they pay. Its what weve always been know. Delivering great level of QSCV is the best way to achieve 100% customer satisfaction. ref- (McDonalds Franchisees Employee Handbook) McDonalds Identify customers and their needs. McDonalds big amount of regular customers in the market. To build long term business it is important to retain people once they have become customers. McDonalds receives different types of customers. Parents with kids Visit McDonalds to give the children a treat. Children Want to visit McDonalds as it a fun place eats. Business customers Visit McDonalds during the day as service is quick, the food tastes great and can be eaten in the without affecting a busy work schedule. Teenagers Are attracted by the saver menu which is affordable and the internet access available in restaurant. (www.mcdonals.co.uk) CONCLUSION Overall, I would say that a company needs a quality model in order eliminate the defects totally from the organisation. And to find out if the company has any defect either in staff performance, staff productivity, revenue of the organisation, the management needs to carry out different business performance check so that the areas where the improvements are needed can be work it out. In order to improve those areas the organisation has to build up some new plans and policies so that the target can be achieved.

The Fifth Child Essay -- essays research papers

The Fifth Child The word "monster" has many definitions. Some define it as a creature having a frightening or strange appearance. It is also defined as one that inspires horror or disgust. Ben certainly fits into all of these categories. He was different right from pregnancy. He looks extremely frightening, almost like a Neanderthal. Ben is an outcast even in an institution for "nature's mistakes." From the moment Harriet became pregnant it was apparent to her that something was obviously wrong. She loved having children and had planned on a total of eight or perhaps even ten. However, something was different this time. Early in the pregnancy, she began feeling ill. She had been keeping herself very busy in order not to feel the "demands" from the new being. It was unlike anything she had known before. At five months the pain was so intense that Harriet began taking tranquilizers. Even during her pregnancy, Harriet began referring to Ben as the "monster." During a conversation with Dr. Brett after he refused to induce the baby, she is quoted as saying, "It's because you don't want to. It's not you who is carrying this" (She cut off monster afraid of antagonizing him.) (p. 47) At eight months she went into labor. Although she had never gone to the hospital before for her other deliveries, this time she insisted. This shocked everyone, especially her husband David. Ben was not your typical baby. ...

Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night, by Dylan Thomas Essay -- fight

Dylan Thomas was born in the Britain in 1914. He was a Welsh poet and writer who wrote exclusively in English. According to Poets Organization,† His father was an English Literature professor at the local grammar school and would often recite Shakespeare to Thomas before he could read† (1). The home education developed his writing style which led him to have his first piece of work published in 1925. The poem,† Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night† was written by Dylan Thomas in 1945 during the last illness of his father's life. Thomas addressed this poem to his father whose eyesight and general health were failing. He expresses a powerful message about the flight and passage of death in his poem. Meanwhile, he begs his father to fight against the darkness which is taking over and leading him into the afterlife. In this villanelle form poem, through the use of the metaphor language and images, especially the parallelism, writer gives examples of wise men, goo d men, wild men, and grave men to his father who was dying at the time this poem was written and also tires to convince his father to fight against the coming death. Thomas thinks a man who is dying in an old age should not die quietly, but fight with death until the last second. He begins the poem with second-person point of view and constantly reminds readers not to go gently into death and darkness, but rather to fight with them. To express the death and darkness, In the first stanza, Thomas uses a metaphor in which day represents life, night represents the afterlife and close of day represents the moment of death,† Do not go gentle into that good night,†¦, at close of day†(line 1-3). The first line of the poem is also a refrain. To makes reader notice this sentence, wri... ...getic, warm, intimate acts. â€Å"Fierce tears† images passion in nature. Thomas hopes that his father can fight with death. He also asks him not be indifferent or accept death mildly. Life is limited; therefore we need to fight to do the most and the best things without any doubting. Even when we face with death, we also need the passion to live, no matter what the result is. So the poet naturally prays his father to fight with death again in the last stanza, â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night, Rage, Rage, against the dying of the light† (line 18-19). The cycle of life and death formed a constant underlying theme in this poem. Thomas once brings readers into the darkness and death meanwhile, makes readers understand the meaning of life and death. Even at the end of life, everyone should attempt to "burn" with life, to "rage against the dying of the light". Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night, by Dylan Thomas Essay -- fight Dylan Thomas was born in the Britain in 1914. He was a Welsh poet and writer who wrote exclusively in English. According to Poets Organization,† His father was an English Literature professor at the local grammar school and would often recite Shakespeare to Thomas before he could read† (1). The home education developed his writing style which led him to have his first piece of work published in 1925. The poem,† Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night† was written by Dylan Thomas in 1945 during the last illness of his father's life. Thomas addressed this poem to his father whose eyesight and general health were failing. He expresses a powerful message about the flight and passage of death in his poem. Meanwhile, he begs his father to fight against the darkness which is taking over and leading him into the afterlife. In this villanelle form poem, through the use of the metaphor language and images, especially the parallelism, writer gives examples of wise men, goo d men, wild men, and grave men to his father who was dying at the time this poem was written and also tires to convince his father to fight against the coming death. Thomas thinks a man who is dying in an old age should not die quietly, but fight with death until the last second. He begins the poem with second-person point of view and constantly reminds readers not to go gently into death and darkness, but rather to fight with them. To express the death and darkness, In the first stanza, Thomas uses a metaphor in which day represents life, night represents the afterlife and close of day represents the moment of death,† Do not go gentle into that good night,†¦, at close of day†(line 1-3). The first line of the poem is also a refrain. To makes reader notice this sentence, wri... ...getic, warm, intimate acts. â€Å"Fierce tears† images passion in nature. Thomas hopes that his father can fight with death. He also asks him not be indifferent or accept death mildly. Life is limited; therefore we need to fight to do the most and the best things without any doubting. Even when we face with death, we also need the passion to live, no matter what the result is. So the poet naturally prays his father to fight with death again in the last stanza, â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night, Rage, Rage, against the dying of the light† (line 18-19). The cycle of life and death formed a constant underlying theme in this poem. Thomas once brings readers into the darkness and death meanwhile, makes readers understand the meaning of life and death. Even at the end of life, everyone should attempt to "burn" with life, to "rage against the dying of the light".

Separate Peace Essay: Analysis of Marxism -- free essay writer

A Separate Peace:   Analysis of Marxism  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A Separate Peace is an impeccable paradigm of critical mythology interpreted by philosophers such as Marx, Engels and Hegel.   The philosophy of Marxism serves as a basis for socialism and communism and is explicitly demonstrated by means of power, the understanding of human nature, and alienation.   Finny demonstrates authority and control over a lonely, alienated friend Gene, however, unitedly they discover friendship through the individuality possessed by one another.   Finny and Gene agonize with these eminent responsibilities and endeavor to uncover an inner peace within themselves as they evolve into young adults waking to the realities of life.   Their entity follows the social formation of their lives,   â€Å"men enter into definite relations that are indispensable and dependant of their will, relations of production ...development of their material productive forces.† (Tucker, 1978, pg.4) Therefore, by means of growth to maturity the two young men exemplify the challenges of manhood.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Power is an extremely dominant element that illustrates authority and control between the two young men Finny and Gene.   Throughout society, â€Å"the social power, i.e., the multiplied productive force, which arises through the co-operation of different individuals, since their co-operation is not voluntary but has come about naturally, not as their own united power.†(Tucker,   pg.161) Finny conducts himself as an authority figure, and an individualist with distinct and domineering characteristics.   He emphasizes his power as a perfect individual that is not concerned what other people conceive of ... ...monstrates his advantage to take control over every individual without any sincere emotions of any kind.   However, the companionship developed through the nature of man, although agonizing, has formed a special bond between the two boys.   Gene, nonetheless contends with feelings of alienation and self-estrangement indirectly generated by Finny.  Ã‚   The two young men persevere these responsibilities to initiate a sense of inner peace that transpires from adolescence to adulthood.   Their experience’s prove to be a symmetric accomplishment of manhood.      Works Cited Knowles, John. (1959) A Separate Peace London: Secker & Warburg Limited    Tucker, Robert. (1978) The Marx-Engles Reader (2nd ed.) New York: W.W. Norton & Company    Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 99. 1998 Microsoft Corporation      

Things Fall Apart: Literary Analysis

In China Achebe's Things Fall Apart, the Bib culture is depicted as a civilized society although it is quite the contrary. The Bib tribe is first portrayed as a civilized society t o those who live amongst it with good morals, a safe environment along with its leaders, and a stable r elision. Throughout the novel,it is clear that the Bib people are not a civilized society. In Things Fall Apart, Known is an important male role who disagrees with his culture and whether or not his cultural traditions are moral.This is evident in Known when Chin a Achebe states,†Known had felt for the first time a snapping inside him†¦ When they heard an I enfant crying in the thick forest. † (Achebe, 61) This is an example of a conflict dealing with morals because Known is said to have this horrid feeling as they are passing by the thick forest, and they hear an in fan's cry he feels bad about the situation because that baby was put there for being a twin and it was t radiation to thro w twins in the Evil Forest.Known realizes that this is not morally correct and is inhuman en Just like it wouldn't be correct to follow through with this tradition now a days in any culture. Of of, FAA, a columnist of Ghanaian states in her column on the book, Things Fall Apart,†He could have censored all the gory details if he chose to †¦. The throwing of twins into the evil forest etc.All of these fly in the face of our general human values today,† meaning that such a tradition now a days w loud be immoral and wrong and the author gave us such details and made them important so they he could portray a better picture about what kind of society the Bib are, an uncivilized society. The Bib society practices such as having more than one wife, the male being the lea deer of the souse, and the family violence seen in the novel provide another reason as to why the e Bib society is uncivilized.For example, in the novel it says,†She was Ginkgo's second wife, Kef, who m he nearly shot,†( Achebe, 39) when speaking of the time Awoken almost shoots his sec ND wife for a small misunderstanding, this quote shows both the practices of having more than on e wife and family violence, which are both corrupt practices. This information being provided to the re adders by the author helps better understand how the Bib society is and whether or not it is civilized. Like polygamy and attractor and the violence it sometimes engenders against women,† states Poof, FAA a, when explaining how the Bib society practices and actions shown in the novel would go against social norms today and are not very civilized practices and actions to begin with. The tragic death of Awakening, being killed by his fatherly figure,the novel's protagonist SST, and tragic hero is another major reason as to why the Bib are not civilized. My father the y have killed me,†leukemia said as he ran towards Awoken,†who drew his machete and cut him down. â€Å"(Achebe, 61). These two quotes are used to explain how Awakening dies and also to show the d reek side of Awoken and how far he would go to be seen as not weak, they whole event in the no vela can be used as an example to show how the Bib are uncivilized because first, Awakening was killed because Ann., the goddess, said he must be killed and second because it is is murder and murder I s morally wrong. The killing of Awakening who had become a part of Ginkgo's family,† writes Poof, F FAA when explaining that the murder of Awakening by his so called father was provided by the author to understand the novel, and most of all culture and society of the Bib, and how they are coarse and uncivilized in many ways. The Bib society is uncivilized despite the fact that it is first shown as a civilized society .Whether or not the Bib society was civilized is important because it shows how times have chaw engaged, this novel having been written in the sass's and even though the culture may be diffe rent, man y practices, actions, and beliefs shown in the novel affected many and are still being put to practice now a days in different 2 ways. These actions were not morally Justified back then but no one was punished, it was not stopped, it was allowed. Unlike today where women can be the leaders of the house, murder is never Justified, ND throwing twin babies in a forest is wrong. Things Fall Apart (Literary Analysis) Things Fall Apart Literary Analysis Okonkwo and his father, Unoka, were two very different people. With just one wife and nothing to leave behind to his only son, Unoka was seen as a failure in the eyes of his village. Okonkwo, however, became a titled man with three wives and a successful harvest every season. He was well respected in his community, despite his impulsive tendencies and rigidness. Although he despised Unoka, Okonkwo would not have grown to be the man that he did if it weren't for his father. Okonkwo was aware of his father's chronic laziness growing up and he knew firsthand the consequences of that kind of lifestyle.He learned from Unoka's mistakes, and as an adult tried to become the opposite of him. â€Å"Okonkwo was ruled by one passion- to hate everything his father had loved. One of those things was gentleness and another was idleness. † He didn't want to be judged based on the faults his father, and he proved that he was indeed everything Unoka was not: Strong, successful, determined and hardworking. Okonkwo also lived in perpetual fear of being perceived as weak, as his father had been. This fear drove him to do reckless things such as kill Ikemefuna, who had regarded Okonkwo as a father-figure. Dazed with fear, Okonkwo drew his machete and cut him down. He was afraid of being thought weak. † Such impulsive actions proved him to be tough on the outside, but only weakened him on the inside. Okonkwo came to love Ikemefuna like a son, because he was much more like himself than his own biological son, Nwoye. However, he would never show his affection and later became deeply depressed by what he'd done. Nwoye, too, chose a very different path than his father. Okonkwo always thought Nwoye was lazy and feminine, much like Unoka. â€Å"‘†¦ I have done my best to make Nwoye grow into a man, but there is too much of his mother in him. ‘Too much of his grandfather,' Obierika thought, but he did not say it. The same th ought also came to Okonkwo's mind. † Later in Nwoye's life, he defied his father's wishes and joined the Christian church. Upon hearing this news, Okonkwo disowned him as a son. I think this shows that how we're raised greatly influences the people we become as adults. Okonkwo, who's father didn't have many expectations of him, created high expectations for himself. However, Nwoye failed to meet Okonkwo's high standards and eventually gave up on trying to please him.

The Fictitious Novel A Tale Of Two Cities

A Tale of two Cities In the fictitious novel Tale of Two Cities, the author, Charles Dickens lays out a brilliant plot. Charles Dickens was born in England on February 7, 1812 nears the south coast. His family moved to London when he was ten years old and quickly went into debt. To help support him, Charles went to work at a blacking warehouse when he was twelve. His father was soon imprisoned for debt and shortly thereafter the rest of the family split apart. Charles continued to work at the blacking warehouse even after his father inherited some money and got out of prison. When he was thirteen, Dickens went back to school for two years. He later learned shorthand and became a freelance court reporter. He started out as a journalist at the age of twenty and later wrote his first novel, The Pickwick Papers. He went on to write many other novels, including Tale of Two Cities in 1859. Tale of Two Cities takes place in France and England during the troubled times of the French Revolution. There are travels by the characters between the countries, but most of the action takes place in Paris, France. The wineshop in Paris is the hot spot for the French revolutionists, mostly because the wineshop owner, Ernest Defarge, and his wife, Madame Defarge, are key leaders and officials of the revolution. Action in the book is scattered out in many places; such as the Bastille, Tellson’s Bank, the home of the Manettes, and largely, the streets of Paris. These places help to introduce many characters into the plot. One of the main characters, Madame Therese Defarge, is a major antagonist who seeks revenge, being a key revolutionist. She is very stubborn and unforgiving in her cunning scheme of revenge on the Evermonde family. Throughout the story, she knits shrouds for the intended victims of the revolution. Charles Darnay, one of whom Mrs. Defarge is seeking revenge, is constantly being put on the stand and wants no part of his own lineage. He is a languid protagonist and has a tendency to get arrested and must be bailed out several times during the story. Dr. Alexander Manette, a veteran prisoner of the Bastille and moderate protagonist, cannot escape the memory of being held and sometimes relapses to cobbling shoes. Dr. Manette is somewhat redundant as a character in the novel, but plays a very significant part in the plot. Dr. Manette’s daughter, Lucie Manette, a positive protagonist, is loved by many and marries Charles Darnay. She is a quiet, emotional person and a subtle protagonist in the novel. One who never forgot his love for Lucie, the protagonist Sydney Carton changed predominately during the course of the novel. Sydney, a look-alike of Charles Darnay, was introduced as a frustrated, immature alcoholic, but in the end, made the ultimate sacrifice for a good friend. These and other characters help to weave an interesting and dramatic plot. Dr. Manette has just been released from the Bastille, and Lucie, eager to meet her father whom she thought was dead, goes with Mr. Jarvis Lorry to bring him back to England. Dr. Manette is in an insane state from his long prison stay and does nothing but cobble shoes, although he is finally persuaded to go to England. Several years later, Lucie, Dr. Manette, and Mr. Lorry are witnesses at the trial of Charles Darnay. Darnay, earning his living as a tutor, frequently travels between England and France and is accused of treason in his home country of France. He is saved from being prosecuted by Sydney Carton, who a witness confuses for Darnay, thus not making the case positive. Darnay ended up being acquitted for his presumed crime. Darnay and Carton both fall in love with Lucie and want to marry her. Carton, an alcoholic at the time, realizes that a relationship with Lucie is impossible, but he still tells her that he loves her and would do anything for her. Darnay and Lucie marry each other on the premises of the two promises between Dr. Manette and Darnay. Right after the marriage, while the newlyweds are on their honeymoon, Dr. Manette has relapsed and cobbles shoes for nine days straight. France’s citizens arm themselves for a revolution and, led by the Defarges, start the revolution by raiding the Bastille. Shortly before the start of the revolution, the Marquis runs over a child in the streets of Paris. Gaspard, the child s father, who is also a part of the revolution, assassinates him soon after. Three years later, right in the middle of the revolution, Darnay is called to France to help Gabelle, an old friend. As soon as he goes down what seems to be a one-way street to France, he is arrested (in France) for being an enemy of the state. Dr. Manette, Lucie, and the Darnay’s daughter go shortly after to Paris to see if they can be of any help to Charles. When the delayed trial finally takes place, Dr. Manette, who is in the people’s favor, uses his influence to free Charles. The same day, Charles is re-arrested on charges set forth by the Defarges and one other mystery person. The next day, at a trial that had absolutely no delay, Charles is convicted and sentenced to death. Because of the despondent situation, Dr. Manette has a relapse and cobbles shoe. Sydney Carton overhears plot to kill Lucie, her daughter, and Dr. Manette and has them immediately get ready to leave the country. Carton, having spy contacts, gets into the prison in which Darnay is being held, drugs him and switches places with him. Lucie, Charles, and their daughter successfully leave the country. Sydney Carton, making the ultimate sacrifice, partly for Lucie, goes to the guillotine in place of Charles. Just before he dies, Carton has a vision in which society is greatly improved and the Darnays have a son named after him. This dramatic plot revolves around several central themes. One theme involves revenge. The evil effects of revenge bring out one s bad side. Madame Defarge is the main subject of this implicit theme. She turns into a killing machine because she must get revenge. An example of this is when she finds out Charles Darnay is an Evermonde and is going to marry Lucie Manette. She knits Darnay’s name into the death register. Another key theme in the novel has to do with courage and sacrifice. There were many sacrifices in this novel by many different characters. Sydney made the ultimate sacrifice Carton because of his love for Lucie and his friendship with Darnay, Carton is the example of one of the most important themes implied in this book. Carton helps others, and does not think so much of himself. Right before going to the guillotine, Carton sees a better world, a world where he gave to others, not thinking of himself. These themes help outline an interesting story.

Reaction to Amistad Movie

Kaylan Earls March 22, 2013 COMM3820 Reaction To Amistad Amistad was a very touching movie and showed a lot of fight and determination from the West Africans and several others working to gain freedom for the slaves.. During the movie I felt that I to were experiencing the gruesome triumphs that the West African slaves experienced during their fight toward freedom. Though I have seen several movies dealing with race it is always interesting to learn more about history. Amistad showed how the West Africans stuck together and remained as one to fight for their freedom and be reunited with their families once again.An issue that really hit a spot was how the slaves had to continue to go back to trial after being given their freedom once before due to illegal captivation. I think because of history and how race had such a impact in past times, regardless if the slaves were illegally captivated, the White House made the decision based off what was right for only their sake. I think during those times African Americans were just seen for their color and were being enslaved just because just for that simple reason. Though it was great to see that the Mende people finally were granted their freedom after a third trial, t was not fair that they had to go through so much for something they were already given before. This film had a huge impact on my thinking about race. Being African American I know the marches and all that was put in to get to where we are today. It's so inspiring to see and makes me so much more appreciative that todays society is better than it was in the past. Though I am sure that there are still some racial problems it is not nearly as bad as before. I liked the movie because I feel like in a way it showed how we all should have been treated equally in a way because the Mende eople were enslaved for no reason. I think it relates to my life because their are still some that have their strong racist beliefs because of how they may have been raised. I t's scary to think of how life would be if I lived the life that some of my people did when they were alive. I think it would be safe to say that the society has come a long way and if we still dealt with the same issues we wouldn't have an African American President today. I believe that the film was a little gruesome but not at exaggerated at all with the in treatment of the blacks.The non-blacks seemed to have no sympathy in what they were doing, they were simply doing what they had do, because in their eyes it's life. There are many other films that show the same treatment to slaves. Only knowing some basic treatments I fully believe that the way the Mende people were treated in the movie is how they were treated realistically. As stated before, I really have a lot more appreciation for my race. My ancestors and so many others experienced some really hard times and had to deal with things that no human should ever have to deal with regardless of the color of their skin.Not that I never appreciated what my people have done for freedom, but it is always very inspiring and impactful to see how much went into a tremendous fight for freedom. In our generation now, not many know exactly what it was like to live the life that African Americans before we were born, so it's good that we have films that shows us and help us learn. I would hope that this movie had some type of impact on the society because it is a very touching film. No one now could ever put themselves in the shoes of those who actually experienced these times.I know that if it was hard to even watch the way the slaves were treated in the movie, I could only imagine what it was actually living it. This movie shows society that this treatment was unnecessary, there is no possible reason why African Americans were treated the way they were. Amistad was a touching, impactful movie and it would be a movie I recommend people to see, just to learn more about history. Today racial issues sometimes get over looked and to see a movie that shows how they use to be may make people become more aware of how they treat someone else that is a different race.

Blue collar jobs Essay

Are blue collar jobs less appreciated? Mike rose, thinks there are no fair share of recognition among people in the working class society. Rose was stressing his point to say that, in as much as the white collar job (workers) are perceived in the society as higher educated people it brings conflict among us. Also making the minimal jobs look less valuable and cripple our ability to talk across cultural divides. Blue collar jobs are far more effective; without these kind of jobs, it will be pretty difficult to communication and relate with different culture or society of people.it creates hope for those who had little or no opportunity to have sound education. What makes us is the ability to fit into the society of different class such as upper class, middle class and lower class. If everyone are destined to be a lawyer, doctor, politician, banker, etc. it will cause inflation in the society, leading to lack of diversity in division of labor and mediocrity in the society. Looking at i t, we all are equal and none is indispensable of another. We all need each other to survive be it blue collar jobs or white collar jobs. Making blue collar jobs no less good than white collar jobs. As rose notes, ‘’Broad knowledge and intuition about the ways and the rhythms of the restaurant business. Waiting on seven to nine tables, each with two to six customers, Rosie devised memory strategies so that she could remember who ordered what. And because she knew the average time it took to prepare different dishes, she could monitor an order that was taking too long at the service station’’ (244). She was smart and knew how to deal with her workers and also customer knowing in mind she a family woman who got attention from male customer and tips on how to deal with their needs. According to rose, ’’Joe learned the most efficient way to use his body by acquiring a set of routines that were quick and preserved energy. Otherwise he would never have survived on the line’’ (248). His uncle learned and taught himself how to be efficient with time and also maxima the best out of the material and still come out with a great result of production. This can’t be learnt at school rather it requires  first hand approach with the knowledge of know-how, and create a skill and set of work to come out supper productive. In all, it’s convincing that hand work creates skill set. It opens the mind to explore and be adventures. Risk takers gain result, because once you fail, you learn from your mistake and correct yourself on how to go about it next time. It creates healthy environment for communication through service offered to customers e.g. hairstylist, plumber, Welder, driver, body guard, beauty salon, maid. Etc. Also mutual understanding is gained through hand gesture, sign, picture and even spending adequate time to clarify a point or idea.