Iraq War Essay Example for Free

Iraq War Essay The past decade had been one of the few significant eras for international relations and international politics. Various activities and phenomenon had occurred which made such era a memorable moment in which the topics of decision making including the people whom creates and enacts the decisions had become significant. One of the numerous events which had occurred in the past happened during the day of September 11, 2001 in which two buildings in New York City were seen by all the people in the world to be crashing slowly in front of their eyes. This news was spread in different parts of the world and made a mark in the history. The violent actions or the terrorists created a difference in the relationship of various states most especially United States and also led to different actions of the offended state. As said by different analyst, newspaper columns and politicians, it is said that one of the major results of the September 9, 2001 event was the war in Iraq which was launched by the United States. Many various speculations were theorized by the different people and one of the most common speculations was that United States wanted to have revenge against the terror that they have experienced. Different theorists have presented their point of view regarding the situation and stated that the few reasons were: 1. the September 9, 2001, Saddam Husseins stock of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq and the stock of oil in Iraq. The three speculations were the most talked about and debated by known personalities in politics and in media. As the war continues on, the interest of the United States were slowly presented to the world. After the United States invaded the state of Iraq, the troops of the Americans seek for the weapons of mass destruction but then, the group was not successful in finding any weapon which could threaten the whole world. The prosecution of Saddam Hussein became the last reason for the United States to occupy Iraq. However, the United States did not leave Iraq immediately—which was expected by most of people at watch of the situation. The situation of Iraq war was influenced by different actors within the international community. Different organization as well as individuals became involved in the resolution and the activities of the War in Iraq. The most significant personality in the Iraq war was President George W. Bush Jr. The United States President acted as the main person that lead the whole nation to war and encouraged the world to join in the battle against terrorism. Another actor was the former Prime Minister of United Kingdom Tony Blair. Tony Blair, together with President Bush teamed up in order to fight the violent groups in which promoted terroristic activities. The United Nations also became a great part in the actions in which the United States had taken. The organization of the United Nation became the actor in which the actions of United States were justified. The United Nations was one of the international organizations in which supported the mission of the United States to pursue its goals to put a stop in the violent actions of groups and individuals. Another great influence in the decision to attack and invade Iraq were the republicans in which were really persistent in the promotion of war against terrorists. For the masses to understand the decision making processes in the Iraqi war the theoretical framework called â€Å"Global Complexity† was used by McGoldrick in order to understand the process as well as the decision making of the actors. McGoldrick provided the â€Å"tipping points† which he took from John Urrys definition: â€Å"three notions: that events and phenomena are contagious, that little causes can have big effects, and that changes can happen in a non-linear way but dramatically at a moment when the system switches† (McGoldrick 2004, p. 8). However, in the written work of Daniel Masters and Robert Alexander they stated that President George Bushs administration molded the war related to September 9, 2001. The administration became the â€Å"front† of the whole state to justify the actions that the state had made. The authors stated that President George Bush made use of the situation of the devastating event and then made the hearts of the American Nation follow to the desires as well as the beliefs of the President. (Masters and Alexander, n. p. ) References Masters, D. S. and Alexander, R. M. (2007, Mar) Framing War: The 9/11-Iraq link and public support for the Iraq War Paper presented at the annual meeting of the WESTERN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION, La Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada. Online PDF Retrieved 2008-08-20 from http://www. allacademic. com/meta/p176638_index. html. McGoldrick, Dominic. (2004) ‘9-11’ To the ‘Iraq War 2003’: International Law In An Age Of Complexity. Oxford and Portland, Oregon: Hart Publishing.

Writing and Free

Writing and Free Sample Essay Positive impression developed by teachers is a long term benefit for you and you can secure yourself by providing your own writings or submitting quality custom written papers. Sample papers provided on the writing websites are for your review only. It is mostly likely that they have already been used and submitted by other students. Therefore, any possible use of such sample papers can lead to dire consequences in your academic studies. People are quite confused about the reality and impact of using sample papers. There is a number of myths that have developed with time that force students to use free sample papers instead of placing order for custom written papers. Student sample papers can be of different types and students can use sample papers in almost all academic disciplines. There are several types of sample papers: sample essays, sample term papers, sample research papers as well as sample thesis papers, sample dissertations, sample speeches, sample book reports and sample book reviews. If you look for sample papers online, you will probably find a great number of APA sample papers, MLA sample papers, and MBA sample papers in particular. Nowadays, Internet is overloaded with various offers for free samples downloads. Nevertheless, usage of such free of charge sample papers can put your academic career at risk. ree sample papers can never inspire students to work harder, but custom written papers give students ideas and they can attempt to write the paper with little effort. Only specially written papers and not academic paper samples can give you guidance on how to write your own papers. There is an obvious substantiation for the fact that when students go through the sample papers, they lose their touch in cultivating new ideas. New thoughts arise not because of sample papers, we must remember. Free sample term papers, sample research papers or sample essay papers motivate students to use them and to be caught at plagiarising as a result. Custom written papers, on the contrary, encourage students to work on their own and give an example of how a well-written and properly structured assignment should really look like. If you look for APA sample papers, MLA sample papers or MBA sample papers, you can locate thousands on websites; but if you need to have a quality paper, you need to get it customized for your original needs. Even the best sample papers cannot replace a custom written research paper. It is a great risk to submit a free sample paper to your teacher, as you might get accused of plagiarism. So any of the pre-written sample term papers, sample research papers and sample dissertations/theses are not worth giving a try. ree sample papers can never inspire students to work harder, but custom written papers give students ideas and they can attempt to write the paper with little effort. Only specially written papers and not academic paper samples can give you guidance on how to write your own papers. There is an obvious substantiation for the fact that when students go through the sample papers, they lose their touch in cultivating new ideas. New thoughts arise not because of sample papers, we must remember. Free sample term papers, sample research papers or sample essay papers motivate students to use them and to be caught at plagiarising as a result. Custom written papers, on the contrary, encourage students to work on their own and give an example of how a well-written and properly structured assignment should really look like. If you look for APA sample papers, MLA sample papers or MBA sample papers, you can locate thousands on websites; but if you need to have a quality paper, you need to get it c ustomized for your original needs. Even the best sample papers cannot replace a custom written research paper. It is a great risk to submit a free sample paper to your teacher, as you might get accused of plagiarism. So any of the pre-written sample term papers, sample research papers and sample dissertations/theses are not worth giving a try.†¨If you need to have a good paper custom written for you, contact a good writing company for this purpose. CustomWritings.com is the company that offers you the best customized solution against all types of sample papers including, sample dissertation, sample thesis paper, sample essay paper and free sample papers. Looking for a good sample paper may be rather difficult. There is no guarantee that you will find the needed type sample papers or a well-written sample paper on required topic. ree sample papers can never inspire students to work harder, but custom written papers give students ideas and they can attempt to write the paper with little effort. Only specially written papers and not academic paper samples can give you guidance on how to wri te your own papers. There is an obvious substantiation for the fact that when students go through the sample papers, they lose their touch in cultivating new ideas. New thoughts arise not because of sample papers, we must remember. Free sample term papers, sample research papers or sample essay papers motivate students to use them and to be caught at plagiarising as a result. Custom written papers, on the contrary, encourage students to work on their own and give an example of how a well-written and properly structured assignment should really look like. If you look for APA sample papers, MLA sample papers or MBA sample papers, you can locate thousands on websites; but if you need to have a quality paper, you need to get it customized for your original needs. Even the best sample papers cannot replace a custom written research paper. It is a great risk to submit a free sample paper to your teacher, as you might get accused of plagiarism. So any of the pre-written sample term papers, sample research papers and sample dissertations/theses are not worth giving a try.†¨If you need to have a good paper custom written for you, contact a good writing company for this purpose. CustomWritings.com is the company that offers you the best customized solution against all types of sample papers including, sample dissertation, sample thesis paper, sample essay paper and free sample papers. Looking for a good sample paper may be rather difficult. There is no guarantee that you will find the needed type sample papers or a well-written sample paper on required topic.†¨If you need to have a good paper custom written for you, contact a good writing company for this purpose. CustomWritings.com is the company that offers you the best customized solution against all types of sample papers including, sample dissertation, sample thesis paper, sample essay paper and free sample papers. Looking for a good sample paper may be rather difficult. There is no guarantee that you will find the needed type sample papers or a well-written sample paper on required topic.

Examining The Maritime Academy Engineering Essay

Examining The Maritime Academy Engineering Essay Arabian Gulf countries have a long history and tradition on maritime affairs, and Arabs considered as the most skilled and experienced seafarers and traders. These traditional and historical ties with sea, the proposed Maritime Academy trusts to cultivate to the highest level by providing the Arab youth with vocational and professional maritime training that meets all current international standards. The proposed Maritime Academy will be dedicated to the training of Arab seafarers to be and will give students the best possible start to their careers in the international shipping industry. It is well known that seafaring offers a stimulating, fulfilling and well paid career to young men who enjoy the associated challenges and responsibility, and who want more from a career than the usual nine to five routine. A career at sea brings with it a wealth of opportunity, providing individuals with the training and experience for a lifetime of rewarding challenges, which in the long term can be continued either at sea or ashore. While many will aspire to reach the ranks of Captain or Chief Engineer aboard ship, others may decide later on to move ashore and pursue one of the many opportunities available to experienced ships officers in the international shipping industry or elsewhere (e.g. shipping management, port management, ship broking, maritime law, ship and cargo surveying etc.) Most Arab countries are blessed with excessive oil reserves and this oil is transported to countries all over the world. This oil industry needs competent and reputable shipping industry to take care of the oil transport and has to be run by skilled, well trained, and educated officers both aboard ships and ashore. Technical and managerial skills learned at sea are readily transferable and can be developed by further training. And is the scope of the proposed Maritime Academy to provide. 1.2 Building up of Students Professional Qualifications In the Maritime Academy young cadets will learn and trained in such a way as to enhance all these personal qualities existing in every man and which are essential for a successful ships officer in order to cope with the demands of the profession. As a merchant marine officer he will spend several months at a time away from home living in close proximity with other crew members. The ability to cope with the stresses of separation whilst exercising tolerance towards others on the ship is therefore essential. In the Maritime Academy young cadets will learn to accept, later as ships Officers, a higher level of responsibility than would be expected at a similar age in most other professions and possess the leadership qualities necessary to direct the work of others, often under difficult circumstances. Self-reliance, self-discipline, initiative and the ability to work as part of a team are also part of the training as well as the commercial awareness and management skills demanded in todays competitive shipping industry. 1.3 The Roles of Navigation (Deck), Marine Engineering, and Electro Technical Officers Navigation (Deck) Officers Navigation Officers maintain watches on the bridge at sea and about the ship in port. They are responsible for passage planning, the safe navigation of the ship, cargo loading and discharge, ship stability, communications, and the maintenance of the hull and deck equipment. The ships Captain or Master is in overall command with ultimate responsibility for the safety of the crew, ship, cargo, and environment. Only navigation Officers can be promoted to the rank of Master. Marine Engineering Officers Marine Engineering Officers are responsible for the maintenance and operation of the ships main propulsion machinery and auxiliary plant, including deck machinery, air conditioning plants, refrigeration plants, and domestic and electrical services. Depending on the type of ship and operational circumstances, Engineer Officers will be required to keep watches in the ships Engine Room. The Chief Engineer Officer is in charge of the department and is responsible to the ships Master for its efficient operation. Whilst the law demands that only one person can be in overall command of the ship and by tradition that person is the Master, the Chief Engineer Officers status and salary is very similar to that enjoyed by the Master. Electro-Technical Officers (ETOs) These specialist officers work within the Engineering Department where they take particular responsibility for the maintenance of on board control engineering and electronic systems including propulsion control, radio communications and electronic navigation aids. OFFICER CADET PROGRAMMES TO BE OFFERED BY THE MARITIME ACADEMY The Maritime Academy shall offer 3 or 31/2 year Officer Cadet training programmes according to National and International (STCW) requirements, which will lead to professional certification by the Academy and either a degree qualification or a Higher National Diploma (HND). Officer Cadets following the Degree route will initially achieve professional certification by the Academy and a foundation Degree in either Marine Operations (Deck cadets) or Marine Engineering (Engine ETO Cadets). Successful candidates will then have the opportunity to top-up their academic qualification to an Honours Degree, achieving either a BSc (Hons) in Marine Operations Management (Deck Cadets) or a BEng(Hons) in Marine Engineering and Management. Officer Cadets following the HND route will initially achieve professional certification by the Academy and an HND in either Nautical Science (Deck Cadets) or Marine Engineering (Engine and ETO Cadets). After gaining initial Academy certification, junior officers prepare for the higher certificates of competency, leading finally to a Master Mariners or Chief Engineers Certificate of Competency, by a combination of sea service and Academy based training. Promotion to senior officer rank depends rather on merit than simply the possession of a senior certificate. The Academy may arrange, through various international shipping companies, for the Officer Cadets to obtain the required sea experience. OFFICER CADETS TRAINING PROGRAMMES PROGRAMME ENTRY REQUIREMENTS Deck Cadets Foundation Degree in Marine Operations, with top-up to BSc(Hons) in marine Operations Management A minimum of 120 UCAS tariff points, preferably including a numerate subject, PlusGSCE grade C or above in the following subjects: Mathematics (preferably Higher Tier) English Science (with Physical Science content) HND in Nautical Science Students will be required to complete an HE Entry course at the Academy prior to commencing the HND. Entry requirements for the induction course are as indicated. Successful completion of a full HND may facilitate later top-up to BSc(Hons) in Marine Operations Management. 4 GCSs Grade C or above including: Mathematics Science (with Physical Science content) English or a subject using English (i.e. Geography, History) Engine/ETO Cadets Foundation Degree in Marine Engineering, with top-up to BEng(Hons) in Marine Engineering and Management A minimum of 120 UCAS tariff points, including a numerate subject, PlusGSCE grade C or above in the following subjects: Mathematics (preferably Higher Tier) English Science (with Physical Science content) HND in Marine Engineering Students will be required to complete an HE Entry course at the Academy prior to commencing the HND. Entry requirements for the induction course are as indicated. Successful completion of a full HND may facilitate later top-up to BEng(Hons) in Marine Engineering and Management. 4 GCSs Grade C or above including: Mathematics Science (with Physical Science content) English or a subject using English (i.e. Geography, History) UCAS TARIFF FOR ACCESS TO DEGREE COURSES UCAS Points GCE A Level GCE AS Level GCC Nationals (Award) Key Skills 120 Grade A Distinction 100 Grade B 80 Grade C Merit 72 60 Grade D Grade A 50 Grade B 48 42 40 Grade E Grade C Pass 30 Grade D Level 4 20 Grade E Level 3 10 Level 2 The 120 UCAS points required for Academys maritime Foundation Degrees can be made up of any combination of qualifications. No UCAS credit is given for GCSEs but Foundation Degree students will be required to hold GCSE Mathematics (minimum Grade C, preferably higher tier syllabus), English and a GCSE science with a significant content of Physical Science. MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS Officer Cadets must have good health and be capable of passing the Merchant Navy Medical Examination tests. Navigating Officer Cadets must also have normal colour vision and be able to pass the Academys Sight Test, although corrective lenses may be acceptable in some cases. COURSE STRUCTURES Each Officer Cadet programme consists of a number of training phases, alternating between phases at the Academy and phases at sea aboard a shipping companys vessels. At the Academy, Officer Cadets will develop the academic underpinning knowledge (UPK) required for professional certification, and also undertake specific safety courses required by International Convention (STCW 95). While aboard ship, Officer Cadets will gain practical shipboard experience and develop their operational competency as watchkeeping Officers. In addition to their academic studies, Officer Cadets must undertake a number of safety and survival courses during their cadetship. These include the following: Personal Survival Techniques (PST) Personal Social and Safety Responsibilities (PSSR) Basic Fire Fighting (BFF) Elementary First Aid (EFA) Medical First Aid aboard ship (MFA) Certificate of Proficiency in Survival Craft and Rescue Boats (CPSC RB) Advanced Fire Fighting In addition Deck cadets must complete the following courses: Efficient Deck Hand (EDH) Global Maritime Distress and Safety System General Operators Certificate (GMDSS) Navigation, Radar and ARPA Simulation Training: Operational Level (NARAS O) NAVIGATING (DECK) OFFICERS 5.1 DEGREE PROGRAMME ACADEMY PHASE DURATION CONTENT Induction Phase 1 3 Weeks 15 Weeks Freshers Week / General induction to shipping industry. Assessment for entry to Degree programme. Intro to EDH / STCW short courses PST, BFF, EFA, PSSR. Foundation degree (FdSc) units: Maritime Analytical Methods Navigation Ship Operations Phase 2 (At Sea) 35 Weeks Work Based Learning (Operations Level) MNTB Deck Training Record Book Phase 3 30 Weeks Foundation Degree (FdSc) units: Meteorology Cargo operations Voyage Planning Shipboard Management Marine Operations Command Management NARAS(O) preparation / assessment Phase 4 (At Sea) 47 Weeks Work Based Learning (Management Level) MNTB Deck Training Book Phase 5 Part 1 5 Weeks Consolidation of Work Based Learning and any outstanding academic assessments prior to award of: Foundation Degree (FdSc) in Marine Operations Phase 5 Part 2 10 Weeks STCW short courses: AFF, EDH, MFA, GMDSS, NARAS(O), PSC RB MCA Orals Preparation Successful completion of MCA Oral examination leads to award of the initial MCA Certificate of Competency and end the Cadetship. Phase 6 (Optional) Top up to BSc (Hons) Degree 11 Weeks Bachelor of Science (BSc) Honours degree units: Project Maritime Technology Optional Units (2 of 4) Safety Management Financial Management Mercantile Law Curriculum Plus Phase 7 (At sea / on leave) (Optional) Blended Learning with Tutorial Support 10 Months Complete self-study elements of Maritime Technology and two Optional Units undertaken. Complete Project Up to 18 months to complete. Successful completion of all units leads to award of: BSc (Hons) Degree in Marine Operations Management 5.2 HND PROGRAMME ACADEMY PHASE DURATION CONTENT Phase 1 16 Weeks Freshers Week / General induction to shipping industry. HE Entry Course, including Academic Study Skills, Mathematics Foundation and introductions to Navigation, General Ship Knowledge and Ship and Port Operations. Successful completion of HE Entry Course leads to award of: National Certificate of Further Education (NcFE) Intro to EDH and PSC and RB / STCW short courses PST, BFF, EFA, PSSR Phase 2 (At Sea) 36 Weeks MNTB Training Record Book Guided Studies (HND Level 1 preparation) Phase 3 28 Weeks HND Level 1 units (STCW II/1 UPK): Navigation Passage Planning Watchkeeping and Communications Ship Construction, Cargo ad Stability Law and Management For SQA examinations NARAS(O) preparation / assessment Phase 4 (At Sea) 48 Weeks MNTB Training Record Book Guided Studies (HND Level 2 and MCA Orals preparation) Phase 5 17 Weeks For completion of OOW CoC + 26 Weeks For completion of HND Part 2 (Academic exemptions to Chief Mate Master Level) STCW short courses: AFF, EDH, MFA, GMDSS, NARAS(O), PSC RB Preparation for SQA/MCA written and oral examinations Successful completion of HND level 1 units, SQA/MCA written and oral examinations and STCW short courses leads to the award of the initial MCA Certificate of Competency and end of cadetship. HND Level 2 units (STCW II/2 UPK) Command Passage Planning Advanced Ship Stability and Construction Cargo and Port Operations Law and Management for Mates and Masters Bridge and Engineering Systems Successful completion of all HND academic assessments at the required pass rates provides full academic exemptions to Chief Mate/Master level and leads to the award of Higher National Diploma (HND) Candidates who successfully achieve a full HND should later be eligible to top-up the academic award to: BSc (Hons) Degree in Marine Operations Management Phase 5 Part 2 10 Weeks STCW short courses: AFF, EDH, MFA, GMDSS, NARAS(O), PSC RB MCA Orals Preparation Successful completion of MCA Oral examination leads to award of the initial MCA Certificate of Competency and end the Cadetship. Phase 6 (Optional) Top up to BSc (Hons) Degree 11 Weeks Bachelor of Science (BSc) Honours degree units: Project Maritime Technology Optional Units (2 of 4) Safety Management Financial Management Mercantile Law Curriculum Plus Phase 7 (At sea / on leave) (Optional) Blended Learning with Tutorial Support 10 Months Complete self-study elements of Maritime Technology and two Optional Units undertaken. Complete Project Up to 18 months to complete. Successful completion of all units leads to award of: BSc (Hons) Degree in Marine Operations Management MARINE ENGINEERING OFFICERS 6.1 DEGREE PROGRAMME ACADEMY PHASE DURATION CONTENT Induction Phase 1 3 Weeks 24 Weeks Freshers Week / General induction to shipping industry. Assessment for entry to Degree programme. STCW short courses PST, BFF, EFA, PSSR. Marine Engineering Principles Workshop Skills Training Foundation Degree (FdEng) units: Mathematics Mechanics / Thermodynamics Marine Legislation and Management Principles Work Based Learning Phase 2 (At Sea) 25 Weeks Work Based Learning (Operations Level) MNTB Engineer Training Record Book Phase 3 30 Weeks Foundation Degree (FdEng) units: Marine Electrics / Marine Auxiliary System Principles Marine Propulsion System Principles Ship Construction / Ship Stability Further mathematics Further Mechanics / Further Thermodynamics Engineering Design and Project Part 1 Work based Learning Workshop Skills Training Phase 4 (At Sea) 23 Weeks Work Based Learning (Management Level) MNTB Engineer Training Record Book Phase 5 Part 1 14 Weeks Consolidation of Work Based Learning Foundation Degree (FdEng) units: Advanced Marine Electrics Engineering Design and Project Part 2 Instrumentation and Control Principles Engineering management Successful completion of academic assessments leads to the award of: Foundation Degree (FdEng) in Marine Engineering Phase 5 Part 2 9 Weeks STCW short courses: MFA, AFF, PSC RB Workshop Skills Training MCA Orals Preparation Successful completion of MCA Oral examination leads to award of the initial MCA Certificate of Competency and end the Cadetship. Phase 6 Top up to BEng (Hons) Degree 15 Weeks Bachelor of Engineering (BEng) Honours degree units: Engineering Project Project Management Professional Engineering Management Optional Subjects (2 of 4): Control Systems, Naval Architecture, materials and Manufacturing, Curriculum Plus Phase 7 (At sea / on leave) Blended Learning with Tutorial Support 10 Months Complete self-study elements of Project management and Professional Engineering Management. Complete Project up to 18 months to complete. Successful completion of all units leads to award of: BEng (Hons) Degree in Marine Engineering and Management 6.2 HND PROGRAMME ACADEMY PHASE DURATION CONTENT Phase 1 30 Weeks Freshers Week / General induction to shipping industry. HE Entry Course. Study skills, Mathematics, IT skills, UPK for 1stsea phase plus intro to: Electrics, Ship Construction and Stability, Marine Engineering Principles, Marine Legislation, Applied Heat/Mechanics. Successful completion of HE Entry Course leads to award of: National Certificate of Further Education (NcFE) MNTB Workshop Skills and Technology STCW short courses PST, BFF, EFA, PSSR Phase 2 (At Sea) 22 Weeks MNTB Engineer Training Record Book Consolidation of UPK (underpinning knowledge) Phase 3 37 Weeks HND Level 1 units: Mathematics Mechanics Marine Propulsion Systems Marine Auxiliary Systems Thermodynamics Marine Electrics Marine Legislation and Management Preparation for Project MNTB Workshop Skills Phase 4 (At Sea) 28 Weeks MNTB Engineer Training Record Book Consolidation of UPK/IAMI EK and MCA Orals preparation Phase 5 9 Weeks For completion of OOW CoC + 26 Weeks for completion of HND Part 2 (Academic exemptions to CEO Level) STCW short courses MFA, PSC RB, AFF Completion of MNTB Workshop Skills Preparatory courses for IAMI EK MCA Orals examinations Successful completion of IAMI EK/MCA Oral examinations leads to the award of the initial MCA Certificate of Competency HND Level 2 units Further Mathematics Further Mechanics Further Thermodynamics Ship Stability and Construction Advanced Marine Electrics Instrumentation and Control Systems Engineering Management Engineering Design and Project Successful completion of all HND academic assessments at the required pass rates provides full academic exemptions to Chief Engineer level and leads to the award of Higher National Diploma (HND) Candidates who successfully achieve a full HND should later be eligible to top-up the academic award to: BEng (Hons) Degree in Marine Engineering and Management MARINE ENGINEERING OFFICERS 7.1 DEGREE PROGRAMME ACADEMY PHASE DURATION CONTENT Induction Phase 1 3 Weeks 24 Weeks Freshers Week / General induction to shipping industry. Assessment for entry to Degree programme. STCW short courses PST, BFF, EFA, PSSR. Marine Engineering Principles Workshop Skills Training/Introduction to Electronics Foundation Degree (FdEng) units: Mathematics Mechanics / Thermodynamics Marine Legislation and Management Principles Work Based Learning Phase 2 (At Sea) 25 Weeks Work Based Learning (Operations Level) MNTB Engineer Training Record Book / Electronics (Guided Studies) Phase 3 30 Weeks Foundation Degree (FdEng) units: Marine Electrics / Marine Auxiliary System Principles Marine Propulsion System Principles Ship Construction / Ship Stability Further Mathematics Further Mechanics / Further Thermodynamics Engineering Design and Project Part 1 Work based Learning Electronic Principles and Systems / Workshop Skills Training Phase 4 (At Sea) 23 Weeks Work Based Learning (Management Level) MNTB Engineer Training Record Book (plus ETO specific tasks) Phase 5 Part 1 14 Weeks Consolidation of Work Based Learning Foundation Degree (FdEng) units: Advanced Marine Electrics Instrumentation and Control Principles Engineering Management / Engineering Design and Project Part 2 Instrumentation and Control Principles Engineering management Successful completion of academic assessments leads to the award of: Foundation Degree (FdEng) in Marine Engineering Phase 5 Part 2 9 Weeks STCW short courses: MFA, AFF, PSC RB Workshop Skills Training MCA Orals Preparation Successful completion of MCA Oral examination leads to award of: MCA Certificate of Competency and end the Cadetship. Phase 6 Part 1 Top up to BEng (Hons) Degree 15 Weeks Bachelor of Engineering (BEng) Honours degree units: Engineering Project Project Management Professional Engineering Management Optional Subjects (2 of 4): Control Systems, Naval Architecture, Materials and Manufacturing, Curriculum Plus Phase 6 Part 2 ENEM GMDSS 10 Weeks Additional units: Electronic Navigation Systems Navigation Systems Fault Diagnosis Radio Communication Engineering GMDSS Radio Maintenance ENEM Certificates Phase 7 (At sea/on leave) Blended learning Tutorial Support 10 Months Complete self-study elements of Project management and Professional Engineering Management. Complete Project up to 18 months to complete. Successful completion of all units leads to the award of: BEng (Hons) Degree in Marine Engineering and Management 6.2 HND PROGRAMME ACADEMY PHASE DURATION CONTENT Phase 1 30 Weeks Freshers Week / General induction to shipping industry. HE Entry Course. Study skills, Mathematics, IT skills, UPK for 1stsea phase plus intro to: Electrics, Ship Construction and Stability, Marine Engineering Principles, Marine Legislation, Applied Heat/Mechanics. Successful completion of HE Entry Course leads to award of: National Certificate of Further Education (NcFE) MNTB Workshop Skills and Technology / Introduction to Electronics STCW short courses PST, BFF, EFA, PSSR Phase 2 (At Sea) 22 Weeks MNTB Engineer Training Record Book / Electronics (Guided Studies) Consolidation of UPK (underpinning knowledge) Phase 3 37 Weeks HND Level 1 units: Mathematics Mechanics Marine Propulsion Systems Marine Auxiliary Systems Thermodynamics Marine Electrics Marine Legislation and Management Preparation for Project Electronic Principles and Systems MNTB Workshop Skills Phase 4 (At Sea) 28 Weeks MNTB Engineer Training Record Book (plus ETO specific tasks) Consolidation of UPK/IAMI EK and MCA Orals preparation Phase 5 9 Weeks For completion of EOOW CoC + 26 Weeks for completion of HND Part 2 (Academic exemptions to CEO Level) STCW short courses MFA, PSC RB, AFF Completion of MNTB Workshop Skills Preparatory courses for IAMI EK MCA Orals examinations Successful completion of IAMI EK/MCA Oral examinations leads to the award of the initial MCA Certificate of Competency HND Level 2 units Further Mathematics Further Mechanics Further Thermodynamics Ship Stability and Construction Advanced Marine Electrics Instrumentation and Control Systems Engineering Management Engineering Design and Project Successful completion of all HND academic assessments at the required pass rates provides full academic exemptions up to Chief Engineer level and leads to the award of Higher National Diploma (HND) Candidates who successfully achieve a full HND should later be eligible to top-up the academic award to: BEng (Hons) Degree in Marine Engineering and Management Phase 6 10 Weeks Additional units: Electronic navigational Systems Navigation Systems Full Diagnosis Radio Communication Engineering GMDSS Radio Maintenance ENEM Certificates AFTER THE OFFICER CADETSHIP NAVIGATION OFFICERS NEWLY QUALIFIED Navigation (Deck) Officers will usually join a shipping companys fleet as 3rd Officer, undertaking bridge watchkeeping duties at sea and operational duties in port, with responsibility for the safety of the crew, ship, cargo and environment. As their skills and experience develop, young officers progress to higher certificates of competency, leading eventually to certification as ships Captain (Master) and possibly to the command of their own vessel. Numerous opportunities also exist for qualified navigation Officers ashore. Shipping companies often recruit shore based superintendents and fleet operations staff from their seagoing officers. Harbour Authorities recruit experienced officers to train as Pilots, Harbour Masters and Port Operations managers, while Classification Societies and Marine Insurance Companies require the fficers skill and experience to fill such roles as hull and cargo surveyors. The MCA also require surveyors and examiners while Marine Colleges recruit lecturers and assessors. MARINE ENGINEERING OFFICERS Newly qualified Marine Engineering Officers will usually join a shipping companys fleet as 4th Engineer Officer, undertaking engine room watchkeeping duties and having responsibility for the safe and efficient operation of the ships main propulsion unit and other vitl services. As their skills and experience develop, young officers progress to the higher certificates of competency, leading eventually to the Chief Engineer Officers Certificate and possibly to the position of Chief Engineer Officer. Marine Engineering Officers acquire a range of transferable skills through professional development and experience, which have many applications in jobs ashore both related and unrelated to the marine industries. Shipping companies often recruit their shore based engineering superintendents from seagoing staff, and Classification societies and marine insurance companies recruit their surveyors from the same source. The MCA also require surveyors and examiners while maritime colleges recruit lecturers and assessors. ELECTRO TECHNICAL OFFICERS After completing the cadetship, ETOs have the choice of following a similar career path to that of Marine Engineering Officer (as above) or remaining within the ETO specialisation. Job opportunities and career progression within the ETO specialisation will depend on the shipping company concerned.

The Effect of Catalyst an the Rate Of Reaction Essay -- GCSE Chemistry

The Effect of Catalyst an the Rate Of Reaction Chemistry Coursework Does The Number of Drops of Catalyst Effect The Rate Of Reaction Candidate Name: Ben Dodds Candidate Number: 7158 School: Oundle School Completion Date: Introduction We are studying the reaction between zinc and sulphuric acid, the reaction is catalysed by copper sulphate and this experiment is to test whether the amount of drops effect the rate of reaction. Word Equation Zinc(s) + Sulphuric acid(aq) Ã   Hydrogen(g) + Zinc Sulphate(aq) Symbol Equation Zn + H2SO4 Ã   H + ZnSO4 This reaction is catalysed by Copper sulphate (CuSO4) Ionic Equation - Cancel Spectator ion (SO42-) Zn + 2H+ Ã   Zn2+ + H2 For this reaction to work there must be hard collisions between the zinc and the hydrogen ions (acidity ion) from the acid, The faster the harder and the more often the collisions happen so I predict the more catalyst the faster the reaction. Planning Safety * Sulphuric acid at 2M is a corrosive substance but diluted to 1M it is an Irritant, so wear a Lab coat to protect your cloths and wear safety specs to protect your eyes. * Zinc is very flammable so do not put a Bunsen burner near it. * Copper sulphate is very nasty and corrosive when it gets in your eyes so wear safety specs. * Hydrogen is explosive when mixed with oxygen and burnt; so don't use a Bunsen burner near the experiment. Method ====== First a clamp stand was taken and a gas cyringe was fitted so that when it is connected to a conicle flask the conicle flask will touch the bench. 1 gram of zinc was taken along with 2M sulphuric acid and distilled sollutions. The solutions were mixed to form 1 M acid and a certain number of dfrops of catalyst wes added in the conicle flask and the... ...zincand the amount of copper sulphate were not kept constant. Did I do enough readings I think I have done enough readings as the trend of my predictions were there but I could have done a greater range. The only problem with that is I would have to dilute the acid again as the times were very quick for 15 seconds so it would be to awkward to collect if I did 30 drops of copper suphate it would have been to quick to record. Could your results lead to any findings outside the range of results covered? Yes I could as my graph is a straight line graph so I could extend it and look at maybe 40 or 50 drops and look at what the rate is for them What additional relevant work could you do to extend your theory? We chose to vary the amount of drops of catalyst but what you could vary is maybe whether the temperature, pressure, concentration of the acid or amount of zinc.

A Soldiers Life in the Civil War Essay -- Papers

Life during the Civil War was not a pleasant time. There was basically utter chaos going on the South. Soldiers had to deal with the harsh conditions and the thought of death. Plantation owners had to worry about who was going to work their fields. Business owners had to worry about who was going to buy their products. Citizens had to worry about soldiers destroying their property. And the government had to worry about how to pay the soldiers and how to end the war. This was a very rough time to be alive. Soldier Life During The Civil War The camp life for a soldier was hardly one to be desired. â€Å"The weather was hot and the water was bad, yet the men kept in good spirits, and there was no grumbling at the hard drill and harder work(Ratchford, 11).† The weather varied a lot during the Civil War. At times it would snow up to depths of eight inches and sometimes it would rain and hail for hours on end(Russell, 130). Other times it would be very hot. Sometimes when it would rain, soldiers would wake up half submerged(Brown,122). Death was also a major fear during the Civil War. â€Å"We cook and eat, talk and laugh with the enemies dead lying all about us as though they were so many logs(Brown, 115).† The soldier would march threw battlefields where dead men, horses, and smashed artillery were scattered about in utter confusion; the Blue and the Gray mixed-their bodies so bloated, distorted, and discolored from decomposition, that they were basically unrecognizable(Mohr, 326). There was also the duties of the officers. â€Å"Often when a detachment was on scout, there were no men left in camp to release the pickets, and they had to remain on post for seventy-two hours at a stretch(Histor... ...g, and killing(Ratchford, 11). To me it sounds as though the life of a soldier during the Civil War is not one that I would want to live. I would rather sit at my computer and type a paper about it than actually leave through it. The soldiers and the civilians alike, had it very rough. The conditions were harsh and the fear of death would be the only thing on my mind. Or fear of having my house burnt down or taken from me is something I would not want to experience. In conclusion, I would be very proud to shake any soldiers hand that fought in the Civil War. Outline I. Introduction II. Life of a Soldier During the Civil War A. Camp Life B. Death C. Duties D. Shooting E. Food F. Medical G. Pay III. Government and Citizens During The Civil War A. Government Reaction B. Citizens Reaction C. Citizens Vandalism IV. Conclusion

Diffusion of Technology in Society Essay -- essays research papers

Successful and Inappropriate Diffusion In Thermador The Thermadorian society had been isolated from the world for hundreds of years. The successful diffusion of farming technology failed for a number of reasons. Based on our information, there were several components missing. Components such as no research or plans to sustain a long-term solution to the problem. The United Nations presented modern farming technology not taking into consideration the educational level of the society in a modern world. Technology changes society, however it is gradual and consistent. It could be assumed that the Thermadorians had no concept of the change and had no understanding of the role of the technology provided. The United Nations provided the Thermadorians with tractors and other heavy vehicles to assist the farmers in the planting of the seeds and harvesting crops. It appears the United Nations did not research or even attempt to understand the Thermadorian culture, customs, or addressing their economy or governmental structure. There is no information on the social status and who had control of the land. Did the would-be farmers have standing in their societal structure? Were they poor/rich? Small farms as opposed to large? Nothing is noted so assuming they are simple people with little education and no experience relating to the farming technology provided. No representative living amongst the Thermadorians. Without taking into consideration thei...

Terminal Data Capability

Terminal Data Capability [What is it? ] – Generally, It is a data element that stores information particularly on terminal that can be individually addressed by tag ID. Data element resident in the terminal shall be under control of one of the following parties:†¢ Terminal manufacturer: For example, IFD Serial Number†¢ Acquirer/Agent: For example, Merchant Category Code†¢ Merchant: For example, Local Date and Local Time (these may be controlled by either merchant or acquirer)Terminal should be constructed in such a way that data which is under control of acquirer is only initialised and updated by the acquirer (or its agent).[Types] 1. Application Independent[1] Data:†¢ Terminal related data†¢ Transaction related data -Unique to terminal. -Shall have parameters initialised so that it can identify what language(s) supported to process the card’s language preference.2. Application Dependent[2] Data: [Characteristic] – A terminal data shall be initialized in the terminal or obtainable at the time of a transaction. A terminal data can be of any format: alphabetic, numeric to binary. – Some terminal data serves as a constant whereas the rest is updatable. – Each terminal data has its own functionality and usage which facilitates an EMV transaction. – The dependency of the terminal data in application indicates how data management is done in terminal. – During the transaction, the terminal shall ignore any data object coming from the ICC which is terminal-sourced or issuer-sourced. [How it involved in EMV] Transaction (Exchange/Supply Data to ICC) Counter Record (updatable) ComparableReference Notes: Terminal data element, ICC data element, Issuer data element, EMV function. [Counter] [Record] Cardholder Verification Method (CVM) Results: – Being set/updated upon Cardholder Verification completion. [P102B3] – Consists of 3 bytes: CVM Performed, CVM Condition, and CVM Result. †“ There are 5 applicable CVMs in Cardholder Verification: Online PIN, Offline PIN, Signature, No CMV Required, and Combo CVM (2 CVM combination). – After a successful CVM, CVM Results reflect the successful CVM; an unsuccessful CVM, CVM Results reflect the unsuccessful CVM. Byte 3 of CVM Results is set to ‘successful’, IFF: i. Applicable CVM is ‘No CVM required’, and terminal supports it. ii. Offline PIN verification by the ICC is successful. – Byte 3 of CVM Results is set to ‘unknown’, IFF: i. Applicable CVM is ‘Signature’, and terminal supports it. ii. Online PIN verification is successful. – Byte 3 of CVM Results is set to ‘failed’, IFF: i. Previous applicable CVM is failed, and succeeding (last) application CVM failed as well. – Byte 1 and byte 2 of CVM Results indicate method and condition of the last performed CVM throughout CMV List.In addition, byte 2 is set to ‘00’ (N o meaning) IFF byte 1 is ‘3F’ (No CVM performed). – Table 2: shows all the possible failed/unknown CVM Results. [P49P121B4] Terminal Verification Result (TVR) Initialized to 0: Initiate Application Processing Function: Offline Data Authentication, Processing Restrictions, Cardholder Verification, Terminal Risk Management, Online Processing, Issuer-to-Card Script Processing. Use in analysis: Terminal Action Analysis. Description: Status of different function as seen from terminal. Diagram: [P165B4], TVR bytes breakdown: TVR byte |EMV Function |Status jotted on bits |When will it be set | | | |RFU |Reserved for future use | | | | | | | | | | | |1 |Offline Data | | | | |Authentication | | | | | |RFU | | | | |CDA failed |If CDA is performed but unsuccessful. [P44B4] | | | |DDA failed |If DDA is performed but unsuccessful. | | | |Card appears on terminal exception (set at Terminal Risk |If a match on presence card (Application PAN and Application PAN | | | |Management ) |Sequence Number) is found in the exception file. | | |ICC data missing (Can be set at any function) |When an optional data object that is required because of the | | | | |existence of other data objects or that is required to support | | | | |functions that must be performed (AIP) is missing. | | | |SDA failed |If SDA is performed but unsuccessful. | | | |Offline Data Authentication was not performed |If neither SDA nor DDA nor CDA is performed. | | |RFU | | | | | |Reserved for future use | |2 | | | | | |Processing Restriction | | | | | |RFU | | | | |RFU | | | | |New Card (set at Terminal Risk Management) |If Last Online ATC Register == 0. [P113B3] | | | Requested service not allowed for card product |If all test against Issuer Country Code and Terminal Country Code | | | | |fail. [T32B4] | | | |Application not yet effective |If Transaction Date > Application Effective Date | | | |Expired application |If Transaction Date > Application Expiration Date | | | |ICC and terminal have different application versions |If AVN in ICC ? AVN in Terminal. | | |RFU |Reserved for future use | | | | | | |3 | | | | | |Cardholder Verification| | | | | |RFU | | | | |Online PIN entered |If online PIN is successfully entered. | | | |PIN entry required, PIN pad present, but PIN was not entered |If CVM is online/offline PIN, but bypassed by terminal in the | | | | |direction of merchant or cardholder. | | |PIN entry required and PIN pad not present or not working |If CVM is online/offline PIN, but neither of them were supported | | | | |by terminal or malfunctioned PIN pad. | | | |PIN Try Limit exceeded |If PIN Try Counter < 1. | | | |Unrecognised CVM |If CVM is not recognized by terminal. | | | |Cardholder Verification was not successful |If CVM List is exhausted without any successful case or applicable| | | | |CVM indicates ‘Fail CVM Processing’. | | |RFU | | | | | |Reserved for future use | |4 | | | | | |Terminal Risk | | | | |Management | | | | | |RFU | | | | |R FU | | | | |Merchant forced transaction online |An attended terminal may allow an attendant to force a transaction| | | | |online, such as in a situation where the attendant is suspicious | | | | |of the cardholder. If this function is performed, it should occur | | | | |at the beginning of the transaction. | | |Transaction selected randomly for Online Processing | | | | |Upper Consecutive Offline Limit exceeded |If ATC ? Last Online ATC Register (Precautious) or | | | | |If (ATC – Last Online ATC Register) > Upper Consecutive Offline | | | | |Limit. [P113B3] | | | |Lower Consecutive Offline Limit exceeded |If ATC ?Last Online ATC Register (Precautious) or | | | | |If (ATC – Last Online ATC Register) > Lower Consecutive Offline | | | | |Limit. [P113B3] | | | |Transaction exceeds floor limit |If (Amount, Authorize + Amount stored in log) > Terminal Floor | | | | |Limit. Or if (Amount, Authorize) > appropriate Terminal Floor | | | | |Limit. P111B3] | | | |RFU | | | | | | Reserved for future use | |5 | | | | | | |RFU | | | | |RFU | | | | |RFU | | | |Script Processing |Script Processing failed after final GENERATE AC |If an error occurred while ICC processing Issuer Script Template | | | | |1. | | | |Script Processing failed before final GENERATE AC |If an error occurred while ICC processing Issuer Script Template | | | | |2. | |Online Processing |Issuer authentication failed |When Issuer Authentication Data (part of authorisation response | | | | |message) from Issuer sent to ICC via EXTERNAL AUTHENTICATE/ second| | | | |GENERATE AC command failed, i. e. (SW1 SW2)! = 9090. [P120B3] | | | |Default TDOL used |If TDOL in ICC not presented and Default TDOL in terminal is used | | | | |to generate TC Hash Value. | Transaction Status Information (TSI) Initialized to 0: Initiate Application Processing Function: Offline Data Authentication, Cardholder Verification, Terminal Risk Management, Card Action Analysis, Online Processing, Issuer-to-Card Script Proce ssing. TSI byte |EMV Function |Status jotted on bits |When will it be set | | | |RFU |Reserved for future use | | | | | | | | | | | |1 | | | | | | |RFU | | | | |Script Processing was performed |If CDA is performed but unsuccessful. P44B4] | | | |Terminal Risk Management was performed |If DDA is performed but unsuccessful. | | | |Issuer Authentication was performed |If | | | |Card Risk Management was performed |When an | | | |Cardholder Verification was performed |If SDA is performed but unsuccessful. | | | |Offline Data Authentication was performed |If neither SDA nor DDA nor CDA is performed. | | |RFU | | | | | |Reserved for future use | |2 | | | | | | |RFU | | | | |RFU | | | | |New Card (set at Terminal Risk Management) |If Last Online ATC Register == 0. [P113B3] | | | |Requested service not allowed for card product |If all test against Issuer Country Code and Terminal Country Code | | | | |fail. T32B4] | | | |Application not yet effective |If Transaction Date > Application Effect ive Date | | | |Expired application |If Transaction Date > Application Expiration Date | | | |ICC and terminal have different application versions |If AVN in ICC ? AVN in Terminal. | [Comparable] [Reference] Array {What is it? } In data storage, an array is a method for storing information on multiple devices. In general, an array is a number of items arranged in some specified way – for example, in a list of in a three-dimensional table.In computer programming languages, an array is a group of objects with the same attributes that can be addressed individually, using such techniques as subscripting. An array is a collection of similar elements, must have the same data type. In random access memory (RAM), an array is the arrangement of memory cells. {Characteristic} You need an index to locate their value. The index starts from 0 and end with the length – 1. Data in array must be in same data type. {What is its implementation? } List, queue, stack, link list. —à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ [1] No matter what application is selected, its data will not be affected. [2] If an application changed, its value changed as well. ———————–Data Authentication Terminal Action Analysis Terminal Risk Management Read Application Data Online/ Offline Decision Processing Restriction ‘()34*[pic]hK? hAKyjhK? 0J;*[pic]U[pic]hY}_hY}_;*[pic]h;q;*[pic] h;qh;qh:[5? CJaJhm†¡Initiate Application Completion Script Processing Online processing & Authorization message request Card Action Analysis Cardholder Verification Data Authentication Terminal Action Analysis Terminal Risk Management Read Application Data Online/ Offline Decision Processing Restriction Initiate Application Completion Script Processing Online processing & Authorization message request Card Action Analysis Cardholder Verification